Demonstration of neutron time‐of‐flight diffraction with an event‐mode imaging detector

Neutron diffraction beamlines have traditionally relied on deploying large detector arrays of 3He tubes or neutron‐sensitive scintillators coupled with photomultipliers to efficiently probe crystallographic and microstructure information of a given material. Given the large upfront cost of custom‐made data acquisition systems and the recent scarcity of 3He, new diffraction beamlines or upgrades to existing ones demand innovative approaches. This paper introduces a novel Timepix3‐based event‐mode imaging neutron diffraction detector system as well as first results of a silicon powder diffraction measurement made at the HIPPO neutron powder diffractometer at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Notably, these initial measurements were conducted simultaneously with the 3He array on HIPPO, enabling direct comparison. Data reduction for this type of data was implemented in the MAUD code, enabling Rietveld analysis. Results from the Timepix3‐based setup and HIPPO were benchmarked against McStas simulations, showing good agreement for peak resolution. With further development, systems such as the one presented here may substantially reduce the cost of detector systems for new neutron instrumentation as well as for upgrades of existing beamlines. This paper demonstrates an event‐mode imaging based neutron diffraction detector system that employs a scintillator screen, an image intensifier and a Timepix3‐based camera. This highly configurable approach allows for large‐solid‐angle low‐cost neutron diffraction setups with a performance comparable to that of the 3He detectors on a time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction beamline.