Article, 2024

Towards Next-Generation Smart Ports: A Case Study on Seaport Microgrids Customized for Islands

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, ISSN 1939-9367, 0093-9994, 0096-9994, Volume PP, 99, Pages 1-12, 10.1109/tia.2024.3425800

Contributors

Sadiq, Muhammad [1] Su, Chun-Lien 0000-0003-3596-8401 [1] Terriche, Yaccine [2] Aragon, Carlos Alfaro [3] Ali, Syed Wajahat 0000-0001-8459-1060 [1] Buzna, L'Uboš 0000-0002-5410-6762 [4] Parise, Giuseppe 0000-0002-0997-2477 [4]

Affiliations

  1. [1] National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
    2. [NORA names: Taiwan; Asia, East];
  2. [2] Ørsted A/S, Fredericia, Denmark
    3. [NORA names: Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  3. [3] Dynapower Company LLC South Burlington VT 05403, USA
    4. [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
  4. [4] Department of Mathematical Methods and Operations Research and the Department of International Research Projects-ERAdiate, University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovakia
    5. [NORA names: Slovakia; Europe, EU; OECD]

Abstract

The increase in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from the transportation sector, along with the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels, emphasizes the necessity for increased focus on energy storage systems (ESSs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) in seaports and on short-distance vessels such as ferries. This paper investigates the development of next-generation smart ports, wherein the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors transforms ports into intelligent hubs. This transformation aims to optimize operations for all stakeholders, that leverage emerging technologies to enhance efficiency and connectivity. Notably, many smaller seaports lack shore-power facilities, shore-based power installations that supply electric power to ships from the grid. Consequently, ships often rely on continuous operation of auxiliary diesel engines and generators while at berth to meet auxiliary loads. To address these challenges and overcome economic and logistical constraints, this paper proposes a seaport microgrid (SMG) with a DC distribution that would be created by integrating multiple ships with decentralized control mechanisms supplemented by an onshore charging infrastructure. This helps to achieve a sustainable path by introducing ship-based SMGs involving the integration of shipboard microgrids with onshore charging. The proposed approach relies on adaptive droop control, decentralized power-sharing based on battery charge and reducing traditional communication dependencies. The case study supported by the simulation results shown in the paper emphasizes the potential of this strategy in the evolution of maritime infrastructure.

Keywords

DC distribution, Internet, IoT, adaptive droop control, auxiliary diesel engine, auxiliary loads, battery, battery charging, berth, case study, cases, challenges, charge, communication dependencies, connection, constraints, continuous operation, control, control mechanisms, customers, decentralized control mechanism, dependence, depletion, depletion of fossil fuels, development, diesel engine, distribution, droop control, efficiency, electric power, emission, energy, energy sources, energy storage system, engineering, enhanced efficiency, evolution, facilities, ferry, focus, fossil fuels, fuel, gas emissions, generation, greenhouse, greenhouse gas emissions, grid, hub, increase, increased focus, infrastructure, installation, integration, integration of Internet, intelligent hub, islands, load, logistical constraints, maritime infrastructure, mechanism, microgrid, microgrid customers, multiple ships, onshore, operation, path, port, potential, power, power installations, power-sharing, renewable energy sources, results, seaport microgrids, seaports, sector, sensor, ship, shipboard microgrids, simulation, simulation results, smart ports, source, stakeholders, storage system, study, sustainable path, system, technology, transformation, transport, transport sector, vessels

Funders

  • National Science and Technology Council
  • Slovak Research and Development Agency
  • Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic

Data Provider: Digital Science

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