Article, 2024

Comparison of Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression – Depression subscale scores by administration mode: An individual participant data differential item functioning meta-analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders, ISSN 0165-0327, 1573-2517, Volume 361, Pages 674-683, 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.033

Contributors

Harel, Daphna 0000-0001-7015-5989 (Corresponding author) [1] Wu, Yin [2] Levis, Brooke [2] Fan, Suiqiong [2] Sun, Ying [2] Xu, Mingyao [1] Rice, Danielle Brittany [3] [4] Boruff, Jill T 0000-0002-0338-7322 [5] Markham, Sarah [6] Ioannidis, John P.A. [7] Takwoingi, Yemisi 0000-0002-5828-9746 [8] Patten, Scott B. [9] Ziegelstein, Roy Charles [10] Cuijpers, Pim J 0000-0001-5497-2743 [11] [12] Gilbody, Simon Martin 0000-0002-8236-6983 [13] Vigod, Simone [14] Akena, Dickens Howard 0000-0002-8886-4553 [15] Benedetti, Andrea L 0000-0002-8314-9497 [5] [16] Thombs, Brett David 0000-0002-5644-8432 [2] [5] Azar, Marleine [2] Bhandari, Parash Mani [2] Chiovitti, Matthew J [2] He, Chen [2] Imran, Mahrukh 0000-0002-2478-0182 [2] Krishnan, Ankur [2] Negeri, Zelalem Firisa 0000-0002-3154-3855 [17] Neupane, Dipika [2] Riehm, Kira Eleanor 0000-0002-9061-0560 [2] Yan, Xin Wei [2] Kloda, Lorie Andrea 0000-0003-1429-1497 [5] Henry, Melissa [5] Ismail, Zahinoor [9] Loiselle, Carmen Gisele 0000-0002-1981-2645 [5] Mitchell, Nicholas D. [18] Al-Adawi, Samir H 0000-0002-9858-5582 [19] Alvarado, Ruben Vladimir 0000-0002-8091-0324 [20] Amtmann, Dagmar A 0000-0003-1142-9729 [21] Arroll, Bruce [22] Ayalon, Liat 0000-0003-3339-7879 [23] Baradaran, Hamid Reza 0000-0002-5070-5864 [24] Barnes, Jacqueline [25] Beck, Kevin R. [26] Beck, Cheryl Tatano 0000-0001-6130-2887 [27] Bernstein, Charles Noah [28] Bindt, Carola 0000-0002-6516-540X [29] Bombardier, Charles Henry 0000-0003-4758-6283 [21] Boye, Birgitte [30] Büel-Drabe, Natalie [31] Buji, Ryna Imma [32] Bunevicius, Adomas 0000-0003-0446-6898 [33] Butterworth, Peter 0000-0002-1531-3881 [34] Can, Ceyhun [35] Carter, Gregory [36] Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara 0000-0003-3752-7984 [37] Chan, Juliana C N 0000-0003-1325-1194 [38] Chan, Lai Fong 0000-0003-0958-6178 [39] Chen, Chih-Ken [40] Chibanda, Dixon 0000-0003-2505-8607 [41] Chorwe-Sungani, Genesis 0000-0002-4296-6394 [42] Clover, Kerrie Ann 0000-0001-8310-7003 [36] Conroy, Ronán Michael 0000-0001-5983-8682 [43] Conway, Aaron [44] Conwell, Yeates C 0000-0001-8517-2132 [45] Correa, Humberto [46] Castro e Couto, Thiago [47] Cukor, Daniel [48] Daray, Federico Manuel 0000-0003-2949-7252 [49] De Man-Van Ginkel, Janneke M 0000-0002-3702-3711 [50] De Souza, Jennifer [51] Downing, Marina G. [52] Eapen, Valsamma N 0000-0001-6296-8306 [53] Fann, Jesse R 0000-0001-5294-4757 [21] Favez, Nicolas [54] Felice, Ethel [55] Fellmeth, Gracia L T 0000-0002-0537-2490 [56] Ferentinos, Panagiotis P 0000-0001-8531-5623 [57] Fernandes, Michelle [58] Field, Sally 0000-0002-7917-2598 [59] Figueiredo, Barbara [60] Fischer, Felix H. [61] Fisher, Jane R W 0000-0002-1959-6807 [52] Flint, Alastair J. [62] Fujimori, Maiko 0000-0003-1639-3390 [63] Fung, Daniel S.S. [64] Gallagher, Pamela [65] Gandy, Milena [66] Gelaye, Bizu [67] Gholizadeh, Leila 0000-0002-6711-3312 [68] Gibson, Lorna J [69] Goodyear-Smith, Felicity Anne 0000-0002-6657-9401 [22] Grassi, Luigi 0000-0002-1050-4494 [70] Green, Eric P. [71] Greeno, Catherine G 0009-0003-0863-9108 [72] Hall, Brian J. [73] Hantsoo, Liisa Victoria [10] Haroz, Emily Edmunds [10] Härter, Martin [29] Hegerl, Ulrich [74] Helle, Nadine [29] Hernando, Asuncion [75] Hides, Leanne M 0000-0002-4550-8460 [76] Hobfoll, Stevan E [77] Honikman, Simone 0000-0002-7045-5532 [59] Howard, Louise Michelle 0000-0001-9942-744X [6] Hyphantis, Thomas N 0000-0002-7647-4312 [78] Iglesias-González, Maria 0000-0002-7794-1533 [79] Inagaki, Masatoshi [80] Jenewein, Josef 0000-0003-4271-918X [81] Jeon, Hong Jin 0000-0002-6126-542X [82] [83] Jetté, Nathalie [9] Julião, Miguel [84] Kettunen, Pirjo A [85] Khamseh, Mohammad Ebrahim 0000-0003-4313-8440 [24] Kiely, Kim Matthew 0000-0001-5876-3201 [86] Kim, Sung-Wan [87] Kjærgaard, Marie [88] Kohlhoff, Jane [53] Kohrt, Brandon Alan 0000-0002-3829-4820 [89] König, Hans-Helmut [29] Kozinszky, Zoltan 0000-0001-7485-9895 [90] Kwan, Yunxin [91] Lamers, Femke 0000-0003-4344-5766 [11] [12] Lara, María Asunción 0000-0002-0536-8520 [92] Leonardou, Angeliki A [57] Levin-Aspenson, Holly Frances 0000-0002-3980-8299 [93] Liu, Shen-Ing [94] Löbner, Margrit 0000-0001-5984-8127 [95] Loosman, Wim L [96] Lotrakul, Manote 0000-0002-1220-7610 [97] [98] Loureiro, Sonia Regina 0000-0001-9423-2897 [37] Love, Anthony W. [99] Löwe, Bernd 0000-0003-4220-3378 [29] Luitel, Nagendra Prasad 0000-0002-8291-0205 [100] Lund, Crick 0000-0002-5159-8220 [6] Maes, Michael [101] Malt, Ulrik F. [102] Marrie, Ruth Ann [28] Marsh, Laura [103] Martínez, Pablo [5] [104] Marx, Brian P 0000-0001-8988-1796 [105] Matsuoka, Yutaka [63] McGuire, Anthony [106] Mehnert, Anja [95] Michopoulos, Ioannis 0000-0003-3217-0218 [57] Sidik, Sherina Mohd 0000-0001-6754-6145 [107] Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline [108] Muramatsu, Kumiko [109] Radoš, Sandra Nakić 0000-0002-8330-8427 [110] Navarrete, Laura Elena 0000-0001-5421-9794 [92] Nelson, Christian J 0000-0003-2141-6489 [111] Ng, Chong Guan 0000-0003-1755-9188 [112] Nishi, Daisuke [113] O'Donnell, Meaghan L. [114] O'Rourke, Suzanne J [115] Osório, Flávia De Lima 0000-0003-1396-555X [37] Pabst, Alexander 0000-0003-0432-5681 [95] Pasco, Julie Anne 0000-0002-8968-4714 [116] Pawlby, Susan J 0000-0001-9109-3457 [6] Peceliuniene, Jurate [117] Pence, Brian Wells [118] Persoons, Philippe [119] Petersen, Inge [120] Picardi, Angelo 0000-0003-2392-3011 [121] Ponsford, Jennie Louise 0000-0003-0430-125X [52] Pugh, Stephanie L [122] Pulido, Federico [75] Hernando, Asuncion Quinn, Terence J. [123] Quispel, Chantal [124] Rathod, Sujit D 0000-0001-8783-7724 [69] Reme, Silje Endresen 0000-0001-5870-4906 [102] Reuter, Katrin [125] Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde 0000-0003-4321-6090 [95] Rooney, Alasdair Grant [115] Santos, Iná Silva Dos [126] Saracino, Rebecca M 0000-0003-1093-7676 [111] Schellekens, Melanie P J 0000-0001-8397-7674 [127] Schwarzbold, Marcelo Liborio [128] Cankorur, Vesile Senturk [129] Shaaban, Juwita [130] Sharp, Deborah J. [131] Sharpe, Louise [132] Shinn, Eileen Huh 0000-0002-3220-7423 [133] Sidebottom, Abbey C 0000-0002-5852-3539 [134] Simard, Sébastien Pascal 0000-0001-7493-4672 [135] Singer, Susanne [136] Skalkidou, Alkistis 0000-0002-4935-7532 [137] Smith-Nielsen, Johanne 0000-0003-3571-6335 [138] Spangenberg, Lena 0000-0001-8248-6734 [95] Stafford, Lesley [139] Stein, Alan L 0000-0001-8207-2822 [56] Stewart, Robert C. [115] Strobel, Natalie A 0000-0002-2962-5704 [140] Su, Kuan-Pin 0000-0002-4501-2502 [141] [142] Sultan, Serge [143] Sundström-Poromaa, Inger 0000-0002-2491-2042 [137] Sung, Sharon Cohan 0000-0003-3293-2112 [94] Suzuki, Keiko [144] Tadinac, Meri 0000-0002-3770-9000 [145] Tan, Pei Lin Lynnette [91] Tandon, Shiv Darius 0000-0002-3243-903X [146] Taylor-Rowan, Martin 0000-0002-3027-5369 [123] Teixeira, Antonio L. [147] Tendais, Iva Alexandra Barbosa 0000-0002-4246-8133 [60] Tiringer, István [148] Töreki, Annamária 0000-0001-8901-3833 [149] Tran, Thach Duc 0000-0002-4686-8601 [52] Trevillion, Kylee 0000-0001-5865-4726 [6] Tschorn, Mira 0000-0002-9128-3987 [150] Turner, Alyna 0000-0001-7389-2546 [116] Væver, Mette Skovgaard 0000-0002-9675-3423 [138] Van Der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina Maria 0000-0001-6925-8956 [13] Van Heyningen, Thandi 0000-0002-5812-6170 [151] Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann Martín 0000-0002-5686-4014 [152] Wagner, Michael 0000-0003-2589-6440 [153] Wagner, Lynne I. [154] Wang, Liang-Jen 0000-0002-5320-1151 [40] Wang, Jian Li [155] Watson, David [156] Weyerer, Siegfried B [157] White, Jennifer [52] Whooley, Mary A 0000-0002-5943-0078 [158] Wiese, Birgitt [159] Williams, Lana Jane 0000-0002-1377-1272 [116] Winkley, Kirsty 0000-0002-1725-6040 [6] Wynter, Karen [52] Yamada, Mitsuhiko [160] Yonkers, Kimberly Ann [161] Zeng, Qing Zhi [162] [163] Zhang, Yuying [164]

Affiliations

  1. [1] New York University
    2. [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
  2. [2] Jewish General Hospital
    3. [NORA names: Canada; America, North; OECD];
  3. [3] McMaster University
    4. [NORA names: Canada; America, North; OECD];
  4. [4] St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton
    5. [NORA names: Canada; America, North; OECD];
  5. [5] McGill University
    6. [NORA names: Canada; America, North; OECD];

Abstract

Administration mode of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) may influence responses. We assessed if Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression subscale (HADS-D) item responses and scores were associated with administration mode. We compared (1) self-administration versus interview-administration; within self-administration (2) research or medical setting versus private; and (3) pen-and-paper versus electronic; and within interview-administration (4) in-person versus phone. We analysed individual participant data meta-analysis datasets with item-level data for the PHQ-9 (N = 34,529), EPDS (N = 16,813), and HADS-D (N = 16,768). We used multiple indicator multiple cause models to assess differential item functioning (DIF) by administration mode. We found statistically significant DIF for most items on all measures due to large samples, but influence on total scores was negligible. In 10 comparisons conducted across the PHQ-9, EPDS, and HADS-D, Pearson's correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients between latent depression symptom scores from models that did or did not account for DIF were between 0.995 and 1.000. Total PHQ-9, EPDS, and HADS-D scores did not differ materially across administration modes. Researcher and clinicians who evaluate depression symptoms with these questionnaires can select administration methods based on patient preferences, feasibility, or cost.

Keywords

DIF, Depression Scale, Edinburgh, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression subscale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression subscale score, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Pearson, Pearson correlation, Postnatal Depression Scale, administration, administration methods, administration mode, cause model, clinicians, coefficient, comparison, correlation, correlation coefficient, cost, data, dataset, depression subscale, depression subscale scores, depressive symptom scores, depressive symptoms, evaluate depressive symptoms, feasibility, functional meta-analysis, hospital, in-person, indicators multiple causes model, influence, influence responses, interviewer administration, intraclass, intraclass correlation coefficient, item-level data, items, measurements, medical settings, meta-analysis, meta-analysis dataset, method, mode, model, multiple causes model, multiple indicators multiple causes model, outcome measures, participants, patient preferences, patient-reported outcome measures, patients, pen-and-paper, phone, preferences, questionnaire, research, response, samples, scale, scores, self-administration, sets, significant DIF, statistically, statistically significant DIF, subscale scores, subscales, symptom scores, symptoms, versus

Funders

  • United States Agency for International Development
  • National Heart Foundation of Australia
  • Menarini Group (Italy)
  • Banco Santander (Spain)
  • Ministry of Education
  • Hartstichting
  • Ministry of Health
  • Swiss National Science Foundation
  • National Research Foundation
  • Health Resources and Services Administration
  • Grand Challenges Canada
  • National Multiple Sclerosis Society
  • Australian Research Council
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • National Health and Family Planning Commission
  • Irish Cancer Society
  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • Medical Research Council
  • Ministry of Education
  • Lundbeck (Denmark)
  • Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba
  • National Cancer Institute
  • Department of Health and Social Care
  • National Science Foundation
  • South African Medical Research Council
  • National Research Foundation
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research
  • Pfizer (United States)
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  • German Cancer Aid
  • National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
  • National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
  • European Commission
  • National Health Research Institutes
  • Ministry of Health
  • Ministry of Health
  • National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
  • Health Foundation
  • Ministero della Salute
  • Ministry of Science and ICT
  • Ministry of Health and Welfare
  • Ministry of Education
  • National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
  • National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
  • National Science and Technology Council
  • Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life and Welfare
  • Swedish Research Council
  • Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
  • Otsuka (United States)
  • Roche (United States)
  • Federal Ministry of Education and Research
  • Dutch Research Council
  • TrygFonden
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
  • National Research Foundation of Korea
  • Israel Ministry of Health
  • Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
  • Multiple Sclerosis Society
  • Johnson & Johnson (United States)
  • Ministry of Education
  • Biogen (United States)
  • Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare
  • Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
  • Wellcome Trust
  • Capital Region of Denmark

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