open access publication

Article, 2024

Exploring affinity between organic probes and Prussian Blue Analogues via inverse gas chromatography

Scientific Reports, ISSN 2045-2322, Volume 14, 1, Page 13904, 10.1038/s41598-024-62939-7

Contributors

Paulusma, Stijn [1] Singh, Kaustub 0000-0001-5340-922X [2] [3] Smeding, Tom [1] Gamaethiralalage, Jayaruwan Gunathilake 0000-0002-2903-0831 [1] [4] Claassen, Frank W 0000-0001-8698-4896 [1] Beijleveld, Hans [1] Janssen, Hans-Gerd M 0000-0002-0407-2939 (Corresponding author) [1] [5] De Smet, Louis Cornelia Patrick Maria 0000-0001-7252-4047 (Corresponding author) [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Wageningen University & Research
    2. [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
  2. [2] Delft University of Technology
    3. [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
  3. [3] FrieslandCampina Innovative Centre, Bronland 20, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
    4. [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
  4. [4] Aalborg University
    5. [NORA names: AAU Aalborg University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  5. [5] Unilever Foods Innovation Centre
    6. [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD]

Abstract

Prussian Blue Analogues (PBAs), which are characterized by their open structure, high stability, and non-toxic properties, have recently been the subject of research for various applications, including their use as electrode precursors for capacitive deionization, gas storage, and environmental purification. These materials can be readily tailored to enhance their affinity towards gases for integration with sensing devices. An improved understanding of PBA-gas interactions is expected to enhance material development and existing sensor deposition schemes greatly. The use of inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is a robust approach for examining the relationship between porous materials and gases. In this study, the adsorption properties of (functionalized) hydrocarbons, i.e., probe molecules, on the copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) lattice were studied via IGC, demonstrating that alkylbenzenes have a higher affinity for this material than n-alkanes. This difference was rationalized by steric hindrance, π–π interactions, and vapour pressure effects. Along the same line, the five isomers of hexane showed decreasing selectivity upon increased steric hindrance. Enthalpy values for n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane were lower than that of toluene. The introduction of increased probe masses resulted in a surface coverage of 46% for toluene. For all n-alkane probe molecules this percentage was lower. However, the isotherms of these probes did not show saturation points and the observed linear regime proves beneficial for gas sensing. Our work demonstrates the versatility of CuHCF for gas sensing purposes and the potential of IGC to characterize the adsorption characteristics of such a porous nanomaterial.

Keywords

CuHCF, Prussian, Prussian blue analogues, adsorption, adsorption characteristics, adsorption properties, affinity, alkylbenzenes, analogues, applications, capacitive deionization, characteristics, chromatography, copper, copper hexacyanoferrate, coverage, decreased selectivity, deionization, deposition scheme, development, devices, effect, electrode, electrode precursors, enthalpy, enthalpy values, environmental purification, gas, gas chromatography, gas sensing, gas sensing purposes, gas storage, hexacyanoferrate, hexane, high stability, hindrance, hydrocarbons, i., improved understanding, increased steric hindrance, integration, interaction, introduction, inverse gas chromatography, isomers, isomers of hexane, isotherms, linear regime, mass, material development, materials, molecules, n-alkanes, n-heptane, n-hexane, n-pentane, nanomaterials, non-toxic properties, open structure, organic probes, p-p interactions, percentage, point, porous materials, porous nanomaterials, potential, precursor, pressure effects, probe, probe mass, probe molecules, properties, purification, purposes, regime, relationship, research, saturation, saturation point, scheme, selection, sensing, sensing devices, sensing purposes, sensor, stability, steric hindrance, storage, structure, study, subject of research, subjects, surface, surface coverage, toluene, understanding, values, vapor, vapor pressure effects

Funders

  • Dutch Research Council

Data Provider: Digital Science

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