Article, 2024

Multiple insights into the two-sided effects of foliar application of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the growth of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)

Environmental Science Nano, ISSN 2051-8161, 2051-8153, 10.1039/d4en00271g

Contributors

Chen, Zhao [1] Guo, Zhipeng [2] Xu, Nan [3] Khan, Md Zulfikar 0000-0002-3109-5255 [4] Niu, Junpeng [2] [4]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Yangzhou University
    2. [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
  2. [2] North West Agriculture and Forestry University
    3. [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
  3. [3] Aarhus University
    4. [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  4. [4] Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères
    5. [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD]

Abstract

Nanotechnology has a wide range of applications, and the pollution and toxicity of their overuse must also be taken seriously. Nanotechnology has a wide range of applications, and the pollution and toxicity of their overuse must also be taken seriously. The dual effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs) on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) through regulating programmed cell death (PCD) were investigated. Herein, foliar spray of CeO 2 NPs on alfalfa revealed a dose-dependent effect of CeO 2 NPs. CeO 2 NPs at low concentrations had a positive effect but those at high concentrations had phytotoxicity. Specifically, 100 mg L −1 CeO 2 NPs improved the morphology, biomass, pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal opening, ultrastructure, osmotic and redox homeostasis, the antioxidant enzyme and the anti-PCD genes, and several hormones, accompanied by lower PCD-promoting gene expression and cellular features. Conversely, 1000 mg L −1 CeO 2 NPs induced PCD by causing oxidative damage, along with negative morphology, reduced quality, high Ce accumulation, weak photosynthesis, stomatal closure, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, impaired cellular ultrastructure, DNA fragmentation, osmotic and redox instability, gene alterations, and hormonal fluctuations. Overall, alfalfa responds to the duality of CeO 2 NPs by controlling PCD, which is regulated by a complex network. This study proposes a fresh outlook on the rational utilization of CeO 2 NPs, the promotion of sustainable agriculture, and the prevention of environmental pollution caused by nanomaterials.

Keywords

CE accumulation, CEO, CeO 2 NPs, DNA, DNA fragmentation, NPs, PCD, accumulation, agriculture, alfalfa, alterations, anti-PCD, antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis, application of cerium oxide nanoparticles, applications, biomass, cell death, cellular features, cellular ultrastructure, cerium oxide nanoparticles, closure, complex networks, concentration, damage, death, dose-dependent effect, duality, effect, effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles, environmental pollution, enzyme, expression, features, fluctuations, foliar, foliar spray, fragments, fresh outlook, gene alterations, gene expression, genes, growth, growth of alfalfa, higher concentrations, homeostasis, hormonal fluctuations, hormone, insights, instability, lipid, lipid peroxidation, low concentrations, morphology, multiple insights, nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, negative morphology, network, opening, outlook, overuse, oxidative damage, oxide nanoparticles, peroxide, photosynthesis, phytotoxicity, pigments, pollution, positive effect, prevention, prevention of environmental pollution, promoter, promotion of sustainable agriculture, quality, redox, redox homeostasis, redox instability, reduced quality, regulate programmed cell death, stomatal closure, stomatal opening, study, sustainable agriculture, toxicity, two-sided effect, ultrastructure, utilization, weak photosynthesis

Funders

  • National Natural Science Foundation of China

Data Provider: Digital Science

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