Optimal design of a hinge-spring-friction device for enhancing wind induced structural response of onshore wind turbines

Wind turbines are subjected to fluctuating wind loads leading to considerable forces and structural fatigue to the towers, ultimately affecting costs, performances, and lifespan, for the tower as well as for the foundation. To mitigate these issues, both in terms of peak and fatigue structural demand, this paper presents the development and optimization of a Hinge-Spring-Friction Device (HSFD) designed for onshore wind turbines. A decoupled numerical model of the wind turbine system incorporating the HSFD is first established. The wind load is modelled by means of the open-source software QBlade© accounting for different wind conditions. These loads are then applied to a FEM structural model of the wind turbine developed in Simulink© and optimized for computational efficiency. The optimal design parameters (strength and stiffness of the frictional and elastic part, respectively) of the HSFD are determined through a multi-objective constrained optimization algorithm, minimizing the peak base moment and total damage fatigue. The proposed framework is then applied to a NREL 5 MW wind turbine to provide an applicative example. The results show that the optimized HSFD can significantly reduce the fatigue damage and the base moment demand to the tower, so providing a really promising solution for the effective design of wind turbines as well as for the repowering of existing plants.