Article, 2024

On the Role of Virtual Inertia Units in Modern Power Systems: A Review of Control Strategies, Applications and Recent Developments

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, ISSN 0142-0615, 1879-3517, Volume 159, Page 110067, 10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110067

Contributors

Jafari, Mahmood [1] Gharehpetian, Gevork Babamalek 0000-0003-1521-790X (Corresponding author) [1] Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad 0000-0002-5505-3252 [2]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Amirkabir University of Technology
    2. [NORA names: Iran; Asia, Middle East];
  2. [2] Aalborg University
    3. [NORA names: AAU Aalborg University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

The modern power system is progressing from a system based on synchronous generators toward systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generating units which are connected to the grid through inverters. RES units will represent a significant share of the power generation in near future; therefore, the conventional approach of integrating them into the grid may lead to frequency instability. Many researchers have suggested the use of inverters with virtual inertial control methods to act as synchronous generators in the grid and maintain and increase the frequency stability. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of virtual inertial strategies and current control strategies and makes a comprehensive comparison while describing their characteristics. Then, different types of stability analyses in the presented methods are examined and examples of each are presented. In continuation and in addition to the review studies conducted in this field, methods presented with the aim of improving the virtual inertial control are carefully examined and their characteristics according to the number of resources used, the adaptivity of parameters, the use of optimization methods, the issue of coordination between several resources and the type of communication network are studied. Moreover, a comprehensive review of multiple- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) methods to develop and implement the concept of virtual inertia in weak grids are presented. Finally, a discussion of challenges and research directions is presented, particularly pointing to the integration of multiple virtual inertial units at the system level.

Keywords

PV, Virtual, adaptation, adaptation of parameters, analysis, applications, approach, challenges, characteristics, communication, communication networks, comparison, comprehensive comparison, comprehensive overview, comprehensive review, concept, concept of virtual inertia, continuity, control, control method, control strategy, conventional approaches, coordination, development, direction, discussion, discussion of challenges, energy sources, examples, frequency, frequency instability, frequency stability, future, generation, generation units, grid, inertia, inertia units, inertial control, inertial control methods, inertial strategy, inertial unit, instability, integration, inverter, issues, issues of coordination, levels, method, modern power systems, modernization, network, optimization, optimization method, overview, parameters, penetration, penetration of renewable energy sources, power, power generation, power generation units, power system, renewable energy source units, renewable energy sources, research, research directions, resources, review, review of control strategies, review studies, source, stability, stability analysis, strategies, study, synchronous generator, system, system level, units, virtual inertia, virtual inertial control, virtual inertial control method, virtual synchronous generator, weak grid, wind, wind power generation units

Data Provider: Digital Science

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