open access publication

Article, 2024

The Effects of Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment on EEG in Adults with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomised Cross-over Trial

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, ISSN 0219-6352, 1757-448X, Volume 23, 5, Page 98, 10.31083/j.jin2305098

Contributors

Navid, Muhammad Samran 0000-0002-2849-874X [1] [2] [3] Niazi, Imran Khan 0000-0001-8752-7224 [3] [4] [5] Holt, Kelly R 0000-0003-0046-7260 [3] Nedergaard, Rasmus Bach 0000-0003-3271-1408 [6] Amjad, Imran 0000-0002-2824-0079 [3] [7] Ghani, Usman 0000-0001-8887-4244 [3] [5] Kumari, Nitika 0000-0002-5135-1682 [3] [5] Shafique, Muhammad 0000-0002-2607-8135 [3] [7] Duehr, Jenna [3] Trager, Robert James 0000-0002-4714-1076 [8] Haavik, Heidi 0000-0001-7182-2085 [3]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Radboud University Nijmegen
    2. [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
  2. [2] Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
    3. [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
  3. [3] New Zealand College of Chiropractic
    4. [NORA names: New Zealand; Oceania; OECD];
  4. [4] Aalborg University
    5. [NORA names: AAU Aalborg University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  5. [5] Auckland University of Technology
    6. [NORA names: New Zealand; Oceania; OECD];

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we explored the effects of chiropractic spinal adjustments on resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. METHODS: In this randomized cross-over study, 14 adults with Alzheimer's disease (average age 67 ± 6 years, 2 females:12 males) and 14 adults with Parkinson's disease (average age 62 ± 11 years, 1 female:13 males) participated. The participants underwent chiropractic spinal adjustments and a control (sham) intervention in a randomized order, with a minimum of one week between each intervention. EEG was recorded before and after each intervention, both during rest and stimulation of the right median nerve. The power-spectra was calculated for resting-state EEG, and the amplitude of the N30 peak was assessed for the SEPs. The source localization was performed on the power-spectra of resting-state EEG and the N30 SEP peak. RESULTS: Chiropractic spinal adjustment significantly reduced the N30 peak in individuals with Alzheimer's by 15% (p = 0.027). While other outcomes did not reach significance, resting-state EEG showed an increase in absolute power in all frequency bands after chiropractic spinal adjustments in individuals with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The findings revealed a notable enhancement in connectivity within the Default Mode Network (DMN) at the alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands among individuals undergoing chiropractic adjustments. CONCLUSIONS: We found that it is feasible to record EEG/SEP in individuals with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, a single session of chiropractic spinal adjustment reduced the somatosensory evoked N30 potential and enhancement in connectivity within the DMN at the alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Future studies may require a larger sample size to estimate the effects of chiropractic spinal adjustment on brain activity. Given the preliminary nature of our findings, caution is warranted when considering the clinical implications. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered by the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (registration number ACTRN12618001217291 and 12618001218280).

Keywords

Alzheimer, Alzheimer's disease, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Clinical Trials Registry, Early, N30, N30 SEP peaks, New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Parkinson, Parkinson's disease, SEP peaks, Trials Registry, absolute power, activity, adjustment, adults, alpha, amplitude, band, beta, brain, brain activity, caution, chiropractic adjustments, chiropractic spinal adjustments, clinical implications, connection, control, cross-over study, cross-over trial, default, default mode network, disease, early somatosensory evoked potentials, effect, electroencephalography, enhancement, findings, frequency, frequency band, implications, increase, individuals, intervention, localization, median nerve, mode network, nature, nerve, network, order, outcomes, participants, peak, pilot, potential, power, power spectra, preliminary nature, random order, randomised cross-over trial, randomized cross-over study, records, registry, rest, resting-state electroencephalography, right median nerve, sample size, samples, sessions, significance, size, somatosensory, somatosensory evoked potentials, source, source localization, spinal adjustments, stimulation, study, theta, theta frequency band, trials, weeks

Funders

  • Australian Spinal Research Foundation

Data Provider: Digital Science

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