open access publication

Article, 2024

MatrixCraCS: Automated tracking of matrix crack development in GFRP laminates undergoing large tensile strains

Composites Science and Technology, ISSN 1879-1050, 0266-3538, Volume 253, Page 110638, 10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110638

Contributors

Olesen, Asbjørn Malte 0009-0009-4823-108X (Corresponding author) [1] Bak, Brian Lau Verndal [1] Bender, Jens Jakob 0000-0003-2766-6251 [2] Lindgaard, Esben 0000-0002-8253-2419 [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Aalborg University
    2. [NORA names: AAU Aalborg University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  2. [2] Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, Borupvej 16, Brande, 7330, Denmark
    3. [NORA names: Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

A novel image processing method for tracking development of matrix cracks in glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates is presented. Images are acquired in a quasi-static tension test using transillumination white light imaging. These images show changes occurring due to developing damage. The method, called MatrixCraCS, tracks and quantifies matrix cracks while compensating for large specimen deformation and stitching threads, which obscure crack development and seriously impact crack detection. Matrix cracks are tracked via a sequential image difference and morphological filtering is used to detect cracks. MatrixCraCS is verified against synthetic images and shows an error of less than 7% in the quantified length of cracks and 0% detection failures. MatrixCraCS is validated against experimental results for a [ ± 4 5 2 ° 9 0 2 ° ] S GFRP laminate, where microscopic analysis shows 5.92% error in crack detection. Error relative to manual crack tracking are quantified for detection failures and false positives as 3.3% and 1.57%, respectively. It is found that the method accurately quantifies cracks in GFRP laminates subject to large deformation and is robust against noise.

Keywords

analysis, automated tracking, changes, crack, crack detection, crack development, crack tracking, damage, deformation, detect cracks, detect failures, detection, development, development of matrix cracks, differences, error, experimental results, failure, false positives, filter, glass fibre reinforced polymer, glass fibre reinforced polymer laminates, image differences, image processing methods, images, laminates, length of cracks, light images, matrix, matrix crack development, matrix cracking, method, microscopic analysis, morphological filter, noise, novel image processing method, polymer, position, processing methods, quantify cracks, quantify length, quasi-static tension tests, results, specimen deformation, specimens, stitch threads, strain, synthetic images, tensile, tensile strain, tension tests, test, threads, tracking, tracking development, transillumination, white light imaging

Funders

  • Danish Energy Agency

Data Provider: Digital Science

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