open access publication

Preprint, 2024

Euclid preparation. LensMC, weak lensing cosmic shear measurement with forward modelling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling

arXiv, ISSN 2331-8422, 10.48550/arxiv.2405.00669

Contributors

Euclid Collaboration Congedo, Giuseppe 0000-0003-2508-0046 [1] Miller, L. [2] Taylor, A. N. [1] Cross, N. [1] Duncan, Christopher A J [2] [3] Kitching, T. [4] Martinet, Nicolas 0000-0003-2786-7790 [5] Matthew, S Z [1] Schrabback, Tim 0000-0002-6987-7834 [6] Tewes, M. [7] Welikala, N. [1] Aghanim, Nabila [8] Amara, A. [9] Andreon, Stefano 0000-0002-2041-8784 [10] Auricchio, Natalia 0000-0003-4444-8651 [11] Baldi, Marco 0000-0003-4145-1943 [11] [12] [13] Bardelli, Sandro 0000-0002-8900-0298 [11] Bender, Ralf 0000-0001-7179-0626 [14] [15] Bodendorf, C. [14] Bonino, Donata 0000-0002-3336-9977 [16] Branchini, Enzo 0000-0002-0808-6908 [10] [17] [18] Brescia, Massimo 0000-0001-9506-5680 [19] [20] [21] Brinchmann, J. [22] Camera, Stefano 0000-0003-3399-3574 [16] [23] [24] Capobianco, Vito 0000-0002-3309-7692 [16] Carbone, Carmelita 0000-0003-0125-3563 [25] Cardone, V F [26] [27] Carretero, Jorge 0000-0002-3130-0204 [28] [29] Casas, S [30] Castander, Francisco Javier J 0000-0001-7316-4573 [31] [32] Castellano, M [27] Cavuoti, Stefano 0000-0002-3787-4196 [20] [21] Cimatti, A [12] Conselice, Christopher J 0000-0003-1949-7638 [3] Conversi, Luca 0000-0002-6710-8476 [33] [34] Copin, Yannick 0000-0002-5317-7518 [35] Courbin, Frederic Yves Michel 0000-0003-0758-6510 [36] Courtois, H M [37] Cropper, M. [4] Da Silva, António José Cunha 0000-0002-6385-1609 [38] Degaudenzi, H. [39] Di Giorgio, Anna Maria [40] Dinis, João 0000-0001-5075-1601 [38] Dubath, F. [39] Dupac, X. [34] Farina, M. [40] Farrens, S. [41] Ferriol, S. [35] Fosalba, Pablo 0000-0002-1510-5214 [31] [32] Frailis, Marco 0000-0002-7400-2135 [42] Franceschi, Enrico 0000-0002-0585-6591 [11] Galeotta, Samuele 0000-0002-3748-5115 [42] Garilli, Bianca 0000-0001-7455-8750 [25] Gillis, B [1] Giocoli, Carlo 0000-0002-9590-7961 [11] [13] Grazian, Andrea [43] Grupp, Frank U 0000-0001-7300-9303 [14] [15] Haugan, S. V. H. [44] Holliman, Mark S [45] Holmes, W. [46] Hormuth, F [47] Hornstrup, Allan 0000-0002-3363-0936 [48] [49] Hudelot, Patrick [50] [51] Jahnke, K. [52] Keihänen, Elina 0000-0003-1804-7715 [53] Kermiche, Sabrina 0000-0002-0302-5735 [54] Kiessling, A. [46] Kilbinger, Martin 0000-0001-9513-7138 [55] Kubik, B. [35] Kuijken, K. [56] Kümmel, M [15] Kunz, M [39] Kurki-Suonio, H. [53] Ligori, Sebastiano 0000-0003-4172-4606 [16] Lilje, P. B. [44] Lindholm, V. [53] Lloro, Ivan [57] Maino, Davide 0000-0002-4901-0133 [25] [58] [59] Maiorano, Elisabetta 0000-0003-2593-4355 [11] Mansutti, Oriana 0000-0001-5758-4658 [42] Marggraf, O. [7] Markovic, K. [46] Marulli, Federico 0000-0002-8850-0303 [11] [12] [13] Massey, R. [60] Maurogordato, Sophie [61] Mccracken, Henry Joy 0000-0002-9489-7765 [50] [51] Medinaceli, Eduardo [11] Mei, S. [62] Melchior, Martin [63] Meneghetti, Massimo 0000-0003-1225-7084 [11] [13] Merlin, E [27] Meylan, Georges [36] Moresco, Michele 0000-0002-7616-7136 [11] [12] Morin, B [55] Moscardini, Lauro 0000-0002-3473-6716 [11] [12] [13] Munari, Emiliano 0000-0002-1751-5946 [42] Niemi, S. -M. [64] Nightingale, James W 0000-0002-8987-7401 [60] [65] Padilla, C. [28] Paltani, S. [39] Pasian, Fabio 0000-0002-4869-3227 [42] Pedersen, K [66] Percival, Will J 0000-0002-0644-5727 [67] [68] Pettorino, Valeria 0000-0002-4203-9320 [41] Pires, S. [41] Polenta, G. [69] Poncet, Maurice [70] Popa, L. A. [71] Pozzetti, Lucia 0000-0001-7085-0412 [11] Raison, Frédéric [14] Rebolo, Rafael 0000-0003-3767-7085 [72] [73] Renzi, Alessandro 0000-0001-9856-1970 [74] [75] Rhodes, J. [46] Riccio, Giuseppe 0000-0001-7020-1172 [21] Romelli, Erik 0000-0003-3069-9222 [42] Roncarelli, Mauro 0000-0001-9587-7822 [11] Rossetti, E. [12] Saglia, Roberto P 0000-0003-0378-7032 [14] [15] Sapone, D. [76] Sartoris, Barbara 0000-0003-1337-5269 [15] [42] Schneider, P. [7] Secroun, Aurélia 0000-0003-0505-3710 [54] Seidel, G. [52] Serrano, Santiago 0000-0002-0211-2861 [31] [32] [77] Sirignano, Chiara 0000-0002-0995-7146 [74] [75] Sirri, G. [13] Stanco, L. [74] Tallada-Crespí, Pau 0000-0002-1336-8328 [29] [78] Tavagnacco, Daniele [42] Tereno, Ismael Alexandre Borges 0000-0002-4537-6218 [38] Toledo-Moreo, Rafael 0000-0002-2997-4859 [79] Torradeflot, Fra Ncesc 0000-0003-1160-1517 [29] [78] Tutusaus, Isaac 0000-0002-3199-0399 [80] Valentijn, E. A. [81] Valenziano, Luca 0000-0002-1170-0104 [11] [13] Vassallo, T 0000-0001-6512-6358 [15] [42] Veropalumbo, A [10] [17] Wang, Y. [82] Weller, Jochen 0000-0002-8282-2010 [14] [15] Zamorani, Giovanni 0000-0002-2318-301X [11] Zoubian, J. [54] Zucca, Elena 0000-0002-5845-8132 [11] Biviano, Andrea 0000-0002-0857-0732 [42] [83] Bolzonella, Micol [11] Boucaud, Alexandre 0000-0001-7387-2633 [62] Bozzo, E. [39] Burigana, Carlo 0000-0002-3005-5796 [13] [84] Colodro-Conde, Carlos [73] Di Ferdinando, D. [13] Graciá-Carpio, Javier 0000-0003-4689-3134 [14] Mauri, Nicoletta 0000-0001-8196-1548 [12] [13] Neissner, Christian [28] [29] Nucita, Achille A 0000-0002-7926-3481 [85] [86] [87] Sakr, Ziad Bou 0000-0002-4823-3757 [80] [88] [89] Scottez, Vivien [51] [90] Tenti, M. [13] Viel, M. [42] [83] [91] [92] [93] Wiesmann, M. [44] Akrami, Yashar 0000-0002-2407-7956 [94] [95] Allevato, Viola 0000-0001-7232-5152 [21] Anselmi, Stefano 0000-0002-3579-9583 [41] [74] [75] Baccigalupi, C. [42] [83] [91] [92] Ballardini, Mario 0000-0003-4481-3559 [11] [96] [97] Borgani, S. [42] [83] [92] [98] Borlaff, Alejandro S 0000-0003-3249-4431 [99] [100] [101] Bruton, S. [102] Cabanac, Remi A [80] Cappi, Alberto 0000-0002-9200-7167 [11] [61] Carvalho, C. S. [38] Castignani, Gianluca 0000-0001-6831-0687 [11] [12] Castro, Tiago 0000-0002-6292-3228 [42] [83] [92] [93] Cañas-Herrera, Guadalupe 0000-0003-2796-2149 [56] [64] Chambers, K. C. [103] Cooray, Asantha Roshan 0000-0002-3892-0190 [104] Coupon, Jean [39] Davini, S. [17] De Lucia, Gabriella [42] Desprez, Guillaume 0000-0001-8325-1742 [105] Di Domizio, S Dell'Oro S [17] [18] Dole, Herve A [8] Díaz-Sánchez, Anastasio 0000-0003-0748-4768 [79] Vigo, J A Escartin [14] Escoffier, S. [54] Ferrero, I. [44] Finelli, Fabio 0000-0002-6694-3269 [11] [13] Gabarra, L [74] [75] García-Bellido, Juan 0000-0002-9370-8360 [95] Gaztanaga, Enrique 0000-0001-9632-0815 [9] [31] [32] Giacomini, Francesco 0000-0002-3129-2814 [13] Gozaliasl, Ghassem 0000-0002-0236-919X [53] [106] Guinet, D. [35] Hall, A. [1] Hildebrandt, Hendrik Jurgen 0000-0002-9814-3338 [107] Ilić, Stéphane 0000-0003-4285-9086 [70] [80] [108] Muñoz, A Jimenez 0009-0004-5252-185X [109] Joudaki, Shahab 0000-0001-8820-673X [9] [68] Kajava, Jari J E 0000-0002-3010-8333 [110] [111] Kansal, Vanshika 0000-0002-4008-6078 [112] [113] [114] Karagiannis, Dionysios 0000-0002-4927-0816 [115] Kirkpatrick, C. C. [53] Legrand, Louis 0000-0003-0610-5252 [39] Macías-Pérez, Juan Francisco 0000-0002-5385-2763 [109] Maggio, Gianmarco 0000-0003-4020-4836 [42] Magliocchetti, Manuela 0000-0001-9158-4838 [40] Maoli, R [27] [116] Martinelli, M [26] [27] Martins, C. J. A. P. [22] [117] Maturi, M. [89] Maurin, Loïc 0000-0002-8406-0857 [8] Metcalf, Robert Benton 0000-0003-3167-2574 [11] [12] Migliaccio, Marina 0000-0003-2040-4654 [118] [119] Monaco, P. [42] [83] [92] [98] Morgante, Gianluca 0000-0001-9234-7412 [11] Nadathur, Seshadri 0000-0001-9070-3102 [9] Patrizii, L. [13] Peel, Austin [36] Pezzotta, Andrea 0000-0003-0726-2268 [14] Popa, V [71] Porciani, C. [7] Potter, D. [120] Pöntinen, M. [53] Reimberg, Paulo Henrique Flose 0000-0003-3410-0280 [51] Rocci, P F [8] Sánchez, A. G. [14] Schewtschenko, J. A. [1] Schneider, A. [120] Sefusatti, Emiliano 0000-0003-0473-1567 [42] [83] [92] Sereno, Mauro 0000-0003-0302-0325 [11] [13] Simon, P. [7] Mancini, Alessio Spurio 0000-0001-5698-0990 [4] Stadel, J. [120] Steinwagner, Jörg [14] Testera, G. [17] Teyssier, R. [121] Toft, Sune 0000-0003-3631-7176 [49] [122] Tosi, S. [10] [17] [18] Troja, Antonino 0000-0003-0239-4595 [74] [75] Tucci, M. [39] Valieri, Claudia [13] Valiviita, Jussi-Pekka 0000-0001-6225-3693 [53] Vergani, Daniela 0000-0003-0898-2216 [11]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Royal Observatory
    2. [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  2. [2] University of Oxford
    3. [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  3. [3] University of Manchester
    4. [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  4. [4] University College London
    5. [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  5. [5] Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
    6. [NORA names: Miscellaneous; France; Europe, EU; OECD];

Abstract

LensMC is a weak lensing shear measurement method developed for Euclid and Stage-IV surveys. It is based on forward modelling to deal with convolution by a point spread function with comparable size to many galaxies; sampling the posterior distribution of galaxy parameters via Markov Chain Monte Carlo; and marginalisation over nuisance parameters for each of the 1.5 billion galaxies observed by Euclid. The scientific performance is quantified through high-fidelity images based on the Euclid Flagship simulations and emulation of the Euclid VIS images; realistic clustering with a mean surface number density of 250 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<29.5$) for galaxies, and 6 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<26$) for stars; and a diffraction-limited chromatic point spread function with a full width at half maximum of $0.^{\!\prime\prime}2$ and spatial variation across the field of view. Objects are measured with a density of 90 arcmin$^{-2}$ ($I_{\rm E}<26.5$) in 4500 deg$^2$. The total shear bias is broken down into measurement (our main focus here) and selection effects (which will be addressed elsewhere). We find: measurement multiplicative and additive biases of $m_1=(-3.6\pm0.2)\times10^{-3}$, $m_2=(-4.3\pm0.2)\times10^{-3}$, $c_1=(-1.78\pm0.03)\times10^{-4}$, $c_2=(0.09\pm0.03)\times10^{-4}$; a large detection bias with a multiplicative component of $1.2\times10^{-2}$ and an additive component of $-3\times10^{-4}$; and a measurement PSF leakage of $\alpha_1=(-9\pm3)\times10^{-4}$ and $\alpha_2=(2\pm3)\times10^{-4}$. When model bias is suppressed, the obtained measurement biases are close to Euclid requirement and largely dominated by undetected faint galaxies ($-5\times10^{-3}$). Although significant, model bias will be straightforward to calibrate given the weak sensitivity.

Keywords

Carlo, Euclid, Flagship simulation, Markov, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo sampling, VIS images, additive bias, bias, clusters, components, convolution, cosmic shear measurements, density, detection, detection bias, distribution, effect, emulation, field, field of view, function, galaxies, galaxy parameters, images, leakage, marginalisation, maximum, measurement bias, measurement method, measurements, method, model, model bias, nuisance parameters, objective, parameters, performance, point spread function, requirements, samples, scientific performance, selection, selection effects, sensitivity, shear measurement method, shear measurements, simulation, size, stars, survey, views, weak sensitivity, width

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