open access publication

Article, 2024

Management of patients with an electrical storm or clustered ventricular arrhythmias: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC—endorsed by the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, Heart Rhythm Society, and Latin-American Heart Rhythm Society

EP Europace, ISSN 1099-5129, 1532-2092, Volume 26, 4, Page euae049, 10.1093/europace/euae049

Contributors

Lenarczyk, Radoslaw K 0000-0002-4680-6734 (Corresponding author) [1] Zeppenfeld, Katja [2] Tfelt-Hansen, Jacob 0000-0003-3895-9316 [3] Heinzel, Frank R [4] Deneke, Thomas 0000-0003-1379-1684 [5] [6] Ene, Elena [6] Meyer, Christian [7] Wilde, Arthur [8] [9] Arbelo, Elena 0000-0003-0424-6393 [10] [11] [12] [13] Jędrzejczyk-Patej, Ewa K 0000-0002-1009-0076 [1] Sabbag, Avi 0000-0003-4295-6679 [14] [15] Stühlinger, Markus Ch [16] di Biase, Luigi [17] Vaseghi, Marmar [18] Ziv, Ohad 0000-0001-7515-9970 [19] [20] Bautista-Vargas, William-Fernando 0000-0001-9593-0304 [21] Kumar, Saurabh 0000-0002-5643-5076 [22] [23] Namboodiri, Narayanan K K 0000-0001-7997-1333 [24] Henz, Benhur Davi [25] Montero-Cabezas, José Manuel 0000-0002-3851-5195 [2] Dagres, Nikolaos 0000-0003-0323-4956 [26] Peichl, Petr [27] Frontera, Antonio [28] Tzeis, Stylianos [29] Merino, Jose Luis [30] Soejima, Kyoko 0000-0002-0685-4563 [31] De Chillou, Christian 0000-0002-9025-6821 [32] Tung, Roderick [33] Eckardt, Lars [34] Maury, Philippe [35] Hlivak, Peter [36] Tereshchenko, Larisa Gennadievna 0000-0002-6976-1313 [37] Kojodjojo, Pipin 0000-0002-6295-4905 [38] Atié, Jacob [39]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Silesian Center for Heart Disease
    2. [NORA names: Poland; Europe, EU; OECD];
  2. [2] Leiden University Medical Center
    3. [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
  3. [3] Rigshospitalet
    4. [NORA names: Capital Region of Denmark; Hospital; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  4. [4] Städtisches Klinikum Dresden
    5. [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
  5. [5] Nuremberg Hospital
    6. [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];

Abstract

Electrical storm (ES) is a state of electrical instability, manifesting as recurrent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) over a short period of time (three or more episodes of sustained VA within 24 h, separated by at least 5 min, requiring termination by an intervention). The clinical presentation can vary, but ES is usually a cardiac emergency. Electrical storm mainly affects patients with structural or primary electrical heart disease, often with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Management of ES requires a multi-faceted approach and the involvement of multi-disciplinary teams, but despite advanced treatment and often invasive procedures, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. With an ageing population, longer survival of heart failure patients, and an increasing number of patients with ICD, the incidence of ES is expected to increase. This European Heart Rhythm Association clinical consensus statement focuses on pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and acute and long-term management of patients presenting with ES or clustered VA.

Keywords

Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, Asia-Pacific, European, European Heart Rhythm Association, Heart Rhythm Society, Latin American Heart Rhythm Society, advanced treatment, age, aging population, approach, arrhythmias, associated with high morbidity, association, cardiac emergencies, cardioverter-defibrillator, clinical consensus statement, clinical presentation, consensus statement, diagnostic evaluation, disease, electrical heart disease, electrical instability, electrical storm, emergency, evaluation, failure patients, heart, heart disease, heart failure patients, high morbidity, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, incidence, incidence of ES, increasing number, instability, invasive procedures, involvement, involvement of multi-disciplinary teams, long-term management, long-term management of patients, longer survival, management, management of ES, management of patients, morbidity, mortality, multi-disciplinary team, multi-faceted approach, number, pathophysiology, patients, population, presentation, primary electrical heart diseases, procedure, recurrent ventricular arrhythmias, society, statements, storm, survival of heart failure patients, team, treatment, ventricular arrhythmias

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