Selective growth of recrystallizing grains into well-characterized deformed aluminum at hardness indentation

The selective 3D growth of multiple recrystallization nuclei/grains around a hardness indentation into a deformed Al grain has been quantified through a new approach that combines two synchrotron techniques: 3D X-ray Laue micro-diffraction and diffraction contrast tomography. The former is used to characterize the deformed microstructure and nucleation, while the latter to track the nuclei's growth during interrupted in situ annealing. The combined 4D (x,y,z,t) datasets enable a detailed quantification of the local deformed microstructure consumed by the nuclei/grains and the boundary characteristics between them, including the stored energy and anisotropy of the orientation distribution of the deformation matrix, as well as the misorientation of the moving and non-moving boundary segments. It is found that only certain nuclei can grow into large sizes, and the growth is heterogeneous both among recrystallizing grains and along different directions. Neither the local stored energy nor the boundary misorientation, whether considered individually or in combination, can fully account for the observed growing and shrinking behavior. The growth difference along different directions is related to the deformation microstructure, specifically the geometrical alignment of dislocation boundaries. Furthermore, the effects of impingement of other recrystallizing grains, recovery of the matrix, and elastic strain/stress, on the growth heterogeneities are discussed in detail with a view towards developing advanced modeling with improved predictability of local recrystallization phenomena. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of the new approach in enabling 3D analysis of recrystallization in complex materials, with potential applications in the development of advanced engineering materials.