open access publication

Preprint, 2024

Shipborne Comparison of Infrared and Passive Microwave Radiometers for Sea Surface Temperature Observations

EGUsphere, Volume 2024, Pages 1-28, 10.5194/egusphere-2024-542

Contributors

Gacitúa, Guisella [1] Høyer, Jacob Lorentsen 0000-0002-4141-0490 [1] Søbjærg, Sten Schmidl 0000-0001-6914-8597 [2] Shi, Hoyeon 0000-0002-3306-5973 [1] Skarpalezos, Sotirios [1] Karagali, Ioanna 0000-0002-8695-7190 [1] Alerskans, Emy 0000-0001-8206-5999 [1] Donlon, Craig James 0000-0002-7359-0115 [3]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Danish Meteorological Institute
    2. [NORA names: DMI Danish Meteorological Institute; Governmental Institutions; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  2. [2] Technical University of Denmark
    3. [NORA names: DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  3. [3] European Space Research and Technology Centre
    4. [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD]

Abstract

In the spring of 2021, a shipborne comparison of sea surface temperature (SST) measurements was undertaken using Thermal Infrared (TIR) and Passive Microwave (PMW) radiometers. The Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) and the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) jointly deployed two TIR and two PMW instruments aboard the Norröna ferry, which traversed between Denmark and Iceland for a week. The primary objective was to assess the proximity-based comparison of TIR and PMW measurements, minimizing atmospheric influences and providing valuable insights into skin (TIR) and sub-skin (PMW) SSTs. A linear regression algorithm was developed using TIR SST data as a reference to derive PMW SST from brightness temperature. The data analysis primarily focused on evaluating data variability, identifying discrepancies between TIR and PMW SST, and assessing the overall uncertainty in the retrieval process. The overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of the retrieved PMW SST was 0.88 K during the ship’s motion and 0.94 K under stable conditions when the ship was moored. The analysis of the retrieved SST error budget involved the consideration of observed quantities and a forward model, accounting for factors like instrument noise, wind speed, incident angles, and the RMSE of skin and sub-skin temperature. The resulting error budget indicated 0.97 K for the data acquired during motion and 0.34 K for data collected during port stay.

Keywords

DTU, Danish, Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark, Forward, Iceland, Meteorological Institute, SST data, Shipborne, Technical, Technical University, Technical University of Denmark, algorithm, analysis, angle, atmospheric influences, brightness, brightness temperature, budget, comparison, comparison of infrared, comparison of sea surface temperature, conditions, data, data analysis, data variability, discrepancy, error, error budget, factors, ferry, forward model, incidence, incident angle, influence, infrared, institutions, instrument, instrumental noise, linear regression algorithm, mean square error, measurements, microwave, microwave radiometer, model, motion, noise, objective, observable quantities, observations, passivation, passive microwave, passive microwave instruments, passive microwave measurements, passive microwave radiometers, port, port stay, process, quantity, radiometer, regression algorithm, retrieval, retrieval process, root, root mean square error, sea, sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature observations, ship, ship motions, skin, speed, spring, stable conditions, stay, sub-skin, surface temperature, surface temperature observations, temperature, temperature observations, thermal infrared, thermally, uncertainty, variables, weeks, wind, wind speed

Data Provider: Digital Science

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