Preprint,
Quantifying the Relative Importance of Genetics and Environment on the Comorbidity between Mental- and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Comprehensive Analysis of National Register Data from 17 million Scandinavians
Contributors
Meijsen, Joeri J
0000-0002-4161-2199
(Corresponding author)
[1]
[2]
Krebs, Morten Dybdahl
0000-0002-4452-0732
[1]
[2]
Athanasiadis, Georgios
0000-0002-2927-4035
[1]
[2]
[4]
Washbrook, Sarah
0009-0006-9971-4960
[1]
Zetterberg, Richard
0000-0002-4284-4063
[1]
[2]
Avelar E Silva, Raquel Nogueira
0000-0001-7895-0936
[1]
[2]
Shorter, John R
0000-0003-4732-5526
[1]
[2]
[5]
Gådin, Jesper R
0000-0002-9210-9534
[1]
[2]
Bergstedt, Jacob
0000-0002-9279-6936
[3]
Howard, David Mark
0000-0002-6005-1972
[6]
Ye, Wei-Min
0000-0002-6859-4648
[3]
Lu, Yunxia
0000-0001-9933-3654
[3]
Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur Anna
0000-0001-5382-946X
[3]
[7]
[8]
Mikkelsen, Dorte Helenius
0000-0002-7360-4812
[1]
[2]
Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer
0000-0002-6470-7465
[10]
Mcgrath, John Joseph
0000-0002-4792-6068
[11]
[12]
[13]
Micali, Nadia
0000-0001-5571-2273
[1]
[14]
Andreassen, Ole Andreas
0000-0002-4461-3568
[15]
[16]
Werge, Thomas Mears
0000-0003-1829-0766
[1]
[2]
[9]
Fang, Fang
0000-0002-3310-6456
[3]
Buil, Alfonso
0000-0002-3097-1014
(Corresponding author)
[1]
[2]
Affiliations
- [1] Mental Health Services [NORA names: Capital Region of Denmark; Hospital; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [2] Lundbeck Foundation [NORA names: Lundbeck Foundation; Non-Profit Organisations; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [3] Karolinska Institutet [NORA names: Sweden; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [4] University of Barcelona [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [5] Roskilde University [NORA names: RUC Roskilde University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
(... more)
Abstract
Mental disorders (MDs) are leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide, partly due to high comorbidity with cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs). Reasons for this comorbidity are still poorly understood. We leverage nation-wide health records and complete genealogies of Denmark and Sweden (n=17 million) to reveal the genetic and environmental contributions underlying the observed comorbidity between six MDs and 14 CMDs. Genetic factors contributed about 50% to the comorbidity of schizophrenia, affective disorders, and autism spectrum disorder with CMDs, whereas the comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anorexia with CMDs was mainly or fully driven by environmental factors. These findings provide causal insight to guide clinical and scientific initiatives directed at achieving mechanistic understanding as well as preventing and alleviating the consequences of these disorders.
