open access publication

Article, 2024

A Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Changes in Growing Class II Patients after Functional Appliance Therapy: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, ISSN 2077-0383, Volume 13, 5, Page 1315, 10.3390/jcm13051315

Contributors

Cattaneo, Paolo Maria 0000-0001-7604-3259 (Corresponding author) [1] Holm, Annemarie [2] Yung, Augustine K C [3] Isidor, Stig [4] Cornelis, Marie A 0000-0001-8050-2868 [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia;, marie.cornelis@unimelb.edu.au
    2. [NORA names: Australia; Oceania; OECD];
  2. [2] Private Practice, Fisketorvet 4-6, 7.sal, 5000 Odense, Denmark
    3. [NORA names: Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  3. [3] Private Practice, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
    4. [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
  4. [4] Private Practice, 8660 Skanderborg, Denmark
    5. [NORA names: Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

Background: The aim was to assess three-dimensionally mandibular and maxillary changes in growing Class II patients treated with removable functional appliances followed by fixed appliances. Methods: Twenty-four Class II patients (age range: 9 to 14, mean: 12.1 ± 1.1 years) treated with removable functional appliances followed by fixed appliances (functional appliance group-FAG) were retrospectively selected and compared to an age-matched control group (CG) treated with fixed appliances only. To be included in the study, pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans had to be available. The CBCTs were used to analyze, in 3D, the changes following treatment and growth. Results: Before treatment, overjet (FAG: 9 mm ± 2.8 (mean ± standard deviation); CG: 4 mm ± 1.7), ANB (FAG: 5.7° ± 2.0; CG: 3.2° ± 1.4), and effective mandibular length (FAG: 113.0 mm ± 4.1; CG: 116.6 mm ± 5.9) were statistically significantly different between the two groups. After treatment, overjet (FAG: -6.8 mm ± 2.8; CG: -1.8 mm ± 1.8) and effective mandibular length (FAG: 6.3 mm ± 2.6; CG: 3.9 mm ± 2.6) statistically significantly changed. There was a significant difference in the treatment effect between the FAG and the CG in overjet, ANB, and effective mandibular length. Conclusions: The results indicate that functional appliances are effective in correcting Class II malocclusions. The growth modification in the FAG resulted in an increase in mandibular length. Yet, the final length of the mandible in the FAG was smaller when compared to the CG.

Keywords

ANB, Before treatment, CBCT scans, CBCTs, Class II malocclusion, Class II patients, FAG, II malocclusion, II patients, appliance therapy, appliances, case-control study, changes, class, control, control group, correcting Class II malocclusion, dentoalveolar, dentoalveolar changes, effect, effective mandibular length, fixed appliances, function, functional appliance therapy, functional appliances, group, growth, growth modification, increase, length, malocclusion, mandible, mandibular length, maxillary, maxillary changes, modification, overjet, patients, post-treatment CBCT scans, pre-, removable functional appliances, results, retrospective case-control study, scanning, skeletally, study, therapy, three-dimensional, three-dimensional evaluation, treated with fixed appliances, treatment, treatment effects

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