open access publication

Article, 2024

Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode for Room-Temperature Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries: Advanced In Situ Synchrotron X‑ray Studies to Understand Intermediate Phase Evolution

Chemistry of Materials, ISSN 1520-5002, 0897-4756, Volume 36, 5, Pages 2314-2324, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02585

Contributors

Pandit, Bidhan 0000-0003-4656-9289 (Corresponding author) [1] Johansen, Morten 0000-0002-9860-718X [2] Martínez-Cisneros, Cynthia Susana 0000-0002-8828-9915 [1] Naranjo-Balseca, Johanna Monserrath [1] Levenfeld, Belén 0000-0003-3061-0312 [1] Ravnsbæk, Dorthe B Bomholdt 0000-0002-8172-3985 [2] Várez, Alejandro 0000-0002-8606-5520 (Corresponding author) [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Carlos III University of Madrid
    2. [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
  2. [2] Aarhus University
    3. [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) can use elements that are abundantly present in Earth's crust and are technologically feasible for replacing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Hence, NIBs are essential components for sustainable energy storage applications. All-solid-state sodium batteries are among the most capable substitutes to LIBs because of their potential to have low price, great energy density, and consistent safety. Nevertheless, more advancements are needed to improve the electrochemical performance of the Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode for NIBs, especially with regard to rate performance and operational lifespan. Herein, a core-shell NVP/C structure is accomplished by adopting a solid-state method. The initial reversible capacity of the NVP/C cathode is 106.6 mAh/g (current rate of C/10), which approaches the theoretical value (117.6 mAh/g). It also exhibits outstanding electrochemical characteristics with a reversible capacity of 85.3 mAh/g at 10C and a cyclic retention of roughly 94.2% after 1100 cycles. Using synchrotron-based operando X-ray diffraction, we present a complete examination of phase transitions during sodium extraction and intercalation in NVP/C. To improve safety and given its excellent ionic conductivity and broad electrochemical window, a Na superionic conductor (NASICON) solid electrolyte (Na3.16Zr1.84Y0.16Si2PO12) has been integrated to obtain an all-solid-state NVP/C||Na battery, which provides an exceptional reversible capacity (95 mAh/g at C/10) and long-term cycling stability (retention of 78.3% after 1100 cycles).

Keywords

All-solid-state, Earth, Earth's crust, NIBs, NVP, NVP/C., Na superionic conductor, Na3V2(PO4)3, Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, X-ray diffraction, X-ray studies, advances, all-solid-state sodium batteries, applications, battery, capacity, cathode, characteristics, components, conductivity, conductor, core-shell, crust, cycle, cyclic retention, cycling stability, density, diffraction, electrochemical characteristics, electrochemical performance, electrochemical window, electrolyte, energy, energy density, energy storage applications, evolution, examination, examination of phase transitions, excellent ionic conductivity, extraction, intercalation, intermediate phase evolution, ionic conductivity, lifespan, lithium-ion, lithium-ion batteries, long-term cycling stability, low price, method, operational lifespan, performance, phase evolution, phase transition, potential, price, rate, rate performance, retention, reversible capacity, safety, sodium, sodium batteries, sodium extraction, sodium ions, sodium-ion batteries, solid electrolyte, solid-state method, solid-state sodium-ion batteries, stability, storage applications, structure, study, substitution, superionic conductors, sustainable energy storage applications, synchrotron X-ray studies, theoretical values, transition, values, window

Funders

  • VINNOVA
  • Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science
  • Swedish Research Council
  • Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness
  • European Commission
  • Comunidad de Madrid

Data Provider: Digital Science

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