Article, 2024

Non-binary gender, vulnerable populations and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the COVID-19 MEntal health inTernational for the general population (COMET-G) study

Journal of Affective Disorders, ISSN 0165-0327, 1573-2517, Volume 352, Pages 536-551, 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.050

Contributors

Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N 0000-0001-5503-0811 [1] Vrublevska, Jelena (Corresponding author) [2] Abraham, Seri 0000-0002-7745-0072 [3] [4] [5] Adorjan, Kristina [6] Ahmed, Helal Uddin [7] Alarcón, Renato Daniel 0000-0002-7316-1185 [8] [9] Arai, Kiyomi [10] Auwal, Sani Salihu [11] [12] Berk, Michael 0000-0002-5554-6946 [13] [14] Bjedov, Sarah [15] Bobes, Julio 0000-0003-2187-4033 [16] [17] Bobes-Bascarán, Teresa 0000-0002-5279-504X [17] [18] Bourgin-Duchesnay, Julie [19] Bredicean, Cristina Ana [20] Bukelskis, Laurynas [21] Burkadze, Akaki [22] Abud, Indira Indiana Cabrera [23] Castilla-Puentes, Ruby Cecilia 0000-0002-0597-6155 [24] Cetkovich, Marcelo [25] [26] Colon-Rivera, Hector [27] Corral, Ricardo Marcelo 0000-0003-1388-2009 [28] [29] Cortez-Vergara, Carla P 0000-0002-7068-1927 [9] Crepin, Piirika [30] De Berardis, Domenico 0000-0003-4415-5058 [31] [32] [33] Delgado, Sergio Zamora [34] De Lucena, David [35] De Sousa, Avinash Alan [36] [37] Di Stefano, Ramona 0000-0001-8737-7406 [33] Dodd, Seetal 0000-0002-7918-4636 [13] [14] [38] Elek, Livia Priyanka [39] Elissa, Anna [40] Erdelyi-Hamza, Berta [39] Erzin, Gamze 0000-0001-8002-5053 [41] [42] [43] Etchevers, Martín Juan 0000-0003-2798-7178 [29] Falkai, Peter [44] Farcas, Adriana [45] Fedotov, Ilya [46] Filatova, Viktoriia [47] Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K [48] Frankova, Iryna 0000-0001-9371-6849 [49] Franza, Francesco 0000-0002-2263-3699 [50] Frias, Pedro 0000-0002-0023-2341 [51] Galako, Tatiana 0000-0003-2868-1162 [52] Garay, Cristian Javier 0000-0003-4082-8876 [29] García-Álvarez, Leticia 0000-0001-9482-2993 [17] García-Portilla, María Paz 0000-0003-3643-1622 [17] [53] Gonda, Xenia 0000-0001-9015-4203 [39] Gondek, Tomasz Maciej 0000-0002-5797-9972 [54] González, Daniela Morera [55] Gould, Hilary [56] Grandinetti, Paolo [57] Grau, Arturo [34] [58] Groudeva, Violeta V 0000-0001-7416-1550 [59] Hagin, Michal [60] Harada, Takayuki [61] Hasan, Tasdik M [62] [63] Hashim, Nurul Azreen 0000-0002-1066-6442 [64] Hilbig, Jan [21] Hossain, Sahadat 0000-0001-9433-202X [65] Iakimova, Rossitza K 0000-0003-3789-1030 [66] Ibrahim, Mona [67] Iftene, Felicia 0000-0002-7947-7455 [45] Ignatenko, Yulia [68] Irarrázaval, Matías 0000-0002-9087-8305 [69] Ismail, Zaliha Binti 0000-0003-1144-4451 [64] Ismayilova, Jamila 0000-0001-8418-4692 [70] Jacobs, Asaf [71] [72] Jakovljević, Miro [73] Jakšić, Nenad 0000-0002-5286-720X [15] Javed, Afzal [74] [75] [76] Kafali, Helin Yilmaz 0000-0002-6009-1085 [77] Karia, Sagar B 0000-0003-1555-5925 [37] Kazakova, Olga [78] Khalifa, Doaa Ahmed [67] Khaustova, Olena O 0000-0002-8262-5252 [49] Koh, Steve [56] Kosenko, Korneliia [79] Koupidis, Sotirios A [80] Lalljee, Alisha [81] Liewig, Justine [19] Majid, Abdul [82] Malashonkova, Evgeniia [83] Malik, Khamelia 0000-0001-6931-0312 [40] Malik, Najma Iqbal 0000-0002-3521-1014 [84] Mammadzada, Gulay 0000-0002-3736-9245 [85] Mandalia, Bilvesh [81] Marazziti, Donatella 0000-0002-4021-5829 [86] [87] [88] Marčinko, Darko [15] [73] Martinez, Stephanie [56] Matiekus, Eimantas [21] Mejia, Gabriela [56] Memon, Roha Saeed 0000-0001-9553-1506 [89] Martínez, Xarah Elenne Meza [90] Mickevičiūtė, Dalia [91] Milev, Roumen V 0000-0001-6884-171X [45] Mohammed, Muftau [92] Molina-López, Alejandro [93] Morozov, Petr Victorovich [94] Muhammad, Nuru Suleiman [95] Mustač, Filip 0000-0003-2851-6183 [15] Naor, Mika S 0000-0001-7506-6002 [96] Nassieb, Amira [67] Navickas, Alvydas [21] Okasha, Tarek Ahmed 0000-0002-4819-1497 [67] Pandova, Milena [66] Panfil, Anca-Livia 0000-0002-7862-8469 [97] Panteleeva, Liliya [98] Papava, Ion 0000-0003-0963-8222 [20] Patsali, Mikaella E [99] [100] Pavlichenko, Alexey [68] Pejuskovic, Bojana [101] [102] Da Costa, Mariana Pinto 0000-0002-5966-5723 [103] [104] [105] Popkov, Mikhail [106] Popovic, Dina [60] Raduan, Nor Jannah Nasution [64] Ramírez, Francisca Vargas [34] [58] Rancans, Elmars 0000-0002-8329-7887 [107] Razali, Salmi 0000-0003-3955-2729 [64] Rebok, Federico [108] Rewekant, Anna [109] Flores, Elena Ninoska Reyes [90] Rivera-Encinas, María Teresa 0000-0002-1415-9210 [110] Saiz, Pilar Alejandra 0000-0002-5705-4523 [17] [111] De Carmona, Manuel Sánchez [112] Martínez, David Saucedo [113] Saw, Jo Anne [64] Saygili, G X F Rkem 0000-0002-9049-2138 [114] Schneidereit, Patricia [115] Shah, Bhumika [116] Shirasaka, Tomohiro 0000-0003-2873-4025 [117] Silagadze, Ketevan [118] Sitanggang, Satti [119] Skugarevsky, Oleg A 0000-0002-4439-5046 [120] Spikina, Anna Alexandrovna 0000-0002-7299-7909 [121] Mahalingappa, Sridevi Sira [122] Stoyanova, Maria [66] Szczegielniak, Anna Rebeka 0000-0002-2160-4589 [123] Tamasan, Simona Claudia [97] Tavormina, Giuseppe [124] [125] Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria [126] Theodorakis, Pavlos N [127] Tohen, Mauricio [128] Tsapakis, Eva-Maria 0000-0002-2649-6732 [1] [129] Tukhvatullina, Dina [130] Ullah, Irfan 0000-0003-1100-101X [130] Vaidya, Ratnaraj 0000-0002-2100-4663 [131] Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann Martín 0000-0002-5686-4014 [9] Vukovic, Olivera 0000-0001-6898-0007 [101] [102] Vysotska, Olga 0000-0001-5733-8000 [49] Widiasih, Natalia 0000-0002-5440-8736 [40] Yashikhina, Anna Alexandrovna [132] Smirnova, Daria Alexandrovna 0000-0002-9591-4918 [132]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
    2. [NORA names: Greece; Europe, EU; OECD];
  2. [2] Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Addiction Disorders, Latvia. Electronic address: vrublevskaja@inbox.lv.
    3. [NORA names: Latvia; Europe, EU; OECD];
  3. [3] Health Education England
    4. [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  4. [4] Manchester Metropolitan University
    5. [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  5. [5] Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust
    6. [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant mental health challenges, particularly for vulnerable populations, including non-binary gender individuals. The COMET international study aimed to investigate specific risk factors for clinical depression or distress during the pandemic, also in these special populations. METHODS: Chi-square tests were used for initial screening to select only those variables which would show an initial significance. Risk Ratios (RR) were calculated, and a Multiple Backward Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis (MBSLRA) was followed with those variables given significant results at screening and with the presence of distress or depression or the lack of both of them. RESULTS: The most important risk factors for depression were female (RR = 1.59-5.49) and non-binary gender (RR = 1.56-7.41), unemployment (RR = 1.41-6.57), not working during lockdowns (RR = 1.43-5.79), bad general health (RR = 2.74-9.98), chronic somatic disorder (RR = 1.22-5.57), history of mental disorders (depression RR = 2.31-9.47; suicide attempt RR = 2.33-9.75; psychosis RR = 2.14-10.08; Bipolar disorder RR = 2.75-12.86), smoking status (RR = 1.15-5.31) and substance use (RR = 1.77-8.01). The risk factors for distress or depression that survived MBSLRA were younger age, being widowed, living alone, bad general health, being a carer, chronic somatic disorder, not working during lockdowns, being single, self-reported history of depression, bipolar disorder, self-harm, suicide attempts and of other mental disorders, smoking, alcohol, and substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted preventive interventions are crucial to safeguard the mental health of vulnerable groups, emphasizing the importance of diverse samples in future research. LIMITATIONS: Online data collection may have resulted in the underrepresentation of certain population groups.

Keywords

COMET-G, COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, Online, age, alcohol, analysis, attempt, backward stepwise linear regression analysis, bipolar disorder, carers, challenges, chi-square test, chronic somatic disorders, clinical depression, collection, comet, data, data collection, depression, disorders, distress, diverse sample, factors, gender, gendered individuals, general health, general population, group, health, health challenges, health of vulnerable groups, history, history of depression, history of mental disorders, individuals, international studies, intervention, investigate specific risk factors, lack, linear regression analysis, lockdown, mental disorders, mental health, mental health challenges, mental health of vulnerable groups, non-binary gender, online data collection, pandemic, population, population groups, presence, presence of distress, preventive interventions, ratio, regression analysis, research, results, risk, risk factors, risk ratio, samples, screening, self-harm, significance, smoking, smoking status, somatic disorders, specific risk factors, status, stepwise linear regression analysis, study, substance use, substances, suicide, suicide attempts, targeted preventive interventions, test, underrepresentation, unemployment, use, variables, vulnerable groups, vulnerable populations, younger age

Funders

  • World Health Organization - Denmark
  • World Health Organization

Data Provider: Digital Science

LINKS
-

Matching Records in NORA

SUBJECTS
+

METRICS
+