open access publication

Article, 2024

Strategies to Improve Cannabidiol Bioavailability and Drug Delivery

Pharmaceuticals, ISSN 1424-8247, Volume 17, 2, Page 244, 10.3390/ph17020244

Contributors

O'Sullivan, Saoirse Elizabeth 0000-0002-1672-6610 (Corresponding author) [1] Jensen, Sanne Skov [2] Kolli, Aditya Reddy 0000-0002-4275-4260 [3] Nikolajsen, Gitte Nykjaer [2] Bruun, Heidi Ziegler [2] Hoeng, Julia C [4]

Affiliations

  1. [1] CanPharmaConsulting, Nottingham NG9 3BB, UK
    2. [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  2. [2] Fertin Pharma (Denmark)
    3. [NORA names: Fertin Pharma; Private Research; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  3. [3] Philip Morris International (Switzerland)
    4. [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  4. [4] Vectura Fertin Pharma, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;, julia.hoeng@vecturafertinpharma.com
    5. [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD]

Abstract

The poor physicochemical properties of cannabidiol (CBD) hamper its clinical development. The aim of this review was to examine the literature to identify novel oral products and delivery strategies for CBD, while assessing their clinical implications and translatability. Evaluation of the published literature revealed that oral CBD strategies are primarily focused on lipid-based and emulsion solutions or encapsulations, which improve the overall pharmacokinetics (PK) of CBD. Some emulsion formulations demonstrate more rapid systemic delivery. Variability in the PK effects of different oral CBD products is apparent across species. Several novel administration routes exist for CBD delivery that may offer promise for specific indications. For example, intranasal administration and inhalation allow quick delivery of CBD to the plasma and the brain, whereas transdermal and transmucosal administration routes deliver CBD systemically more slowly. There are limited but promising data on novel delivery routes such as intramuscular and subcutaneous. Very limited data show that CBD is generally well distributed across tissues and that some CBD products enable increased delivery of CBD to different brain regions. However, evidence is limited regarding whether changes in CBD PK profiles and tissue distribution equate to superior therapeutic efficacy across indications and whether specific CBD products might be suited to particular indications.

Keywords

CBD products, PK effects, PK profiles, administration, administration route, bioavailability, brain, brain regions, cannabidiol, cannabidiol bioavailability, cannabidiol delivery, cannabidiol products, changes, clinical development, clinical implications, data, delivery, delivery route, delivery strategies, development, distribution, drug, drug delivery, effect, efficacy, emulsion, emulsion formulation, emulsion solution, encapsulation, evaluation, evidence, formulation, implications, increased delivery, indicators, inhalation, intranasal administration, lipid-based, literature, novel delivery routes, oral production, overall pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetics, plasma, poor physicochemical properties, production, profile, properties of cannabidiol, published literature, region, review, route, solution, species, strategies, superior therapeutic efficacy, systemic delivery, therapeutic efficacy, tissue, tissue distribution, transdermal, translation, variables

Data Provider: Digital Science

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