open access publication

Preprint, 2024

X-BASE: the first terrestrial carbon and water flux products from an extended data-driven scaling framework, FLUXCOM-X

EGUsphere, Volume 2024, Pages 1-51, 10.5194/egusphere-2024-165

Contributors

Nelson, Jacob Allen 0000-0002-4663-2420 [1] [2] Walther, Sophia 0000-0003-1681-9304 [1] [2] Gans, Fabian [2] Kraft, Basil 0000-0002-8491-2730 [2] Weber, Ulrich 0000-0001-7116-035X [2] Novick, Kimberly A [3] Buchmann, Nina 0000-0003-0826-2980 [4] Migliavacca, Mirco 0000-0003-3546-8407 [5] Wohlfahrt, Georg Hans 0000-0003-3080-6702 [6] Šigut, Ladislav 0000-0003-1951-4100 [7] Ibrom, Andreas Franz Heinrich 0000-0002-1341-921X [8] Papale, Dario 0000-0001-5170-8648 [9] [10] Göckede, Mathias 0000-0003-2833-8401 [2] Duveiller, Gregory 0000-0002-6471-8404 [2] Knohl, Alexander Nils 0000-0002-7615-8870 [11] Hörtnagl, Lukas Johannes 0000-0002-5569-0761 [4] Scott, Russell L 0000-0003-2987-5380 [12] Zhang, Weijie [2] Hamdi, Zayd Mahmoud 0000-0003-1658-8243 [2] Reichstein, Markus 0000-0001-5736-1112 [2] [13] Aranda-Barranco, Sergio 0000-0002-4089-5836 [14] Ardö, Jonas [15] De Beeck, Maarten Op [16] [17] Billdesbach, Dave [18] Bowling, David [19] Bracho, Rosvel 0000-0002-8015-9796 [20] Brümmer, Christian 0000-0001-6621-5010 [21] Camps-Valls, Gustau Adolf 0000-0003-1683-2138 [22] Chen, Shi-Ping 0000-0002-1934-2372 [23] Cleverly, Jamie Rose [24] Desai, Ankur Rashmikant 0000-0002-5226-6041 [25] Dong, Gang [26] El-Madany, Tarek Sebastian 0000-0002-0726-7141 [2] Euskirchen, Eugenie Susanne [27] Feigenwinter, Iris 0000-0001-7493-6790 [4] Galvagno, Marta [28] Gerosa, Giacomo Alessandro 0000-0002-5352-3222 [29] Gielen, Bert 0000-0002-4890-3060 [17] Goded, Ignacio [5] Goslee, Sarah C 0000-0002-5939-3297 [30] Gough, Christopher Michael [31] Heinesch, Bernard [32] Ichii, Kazuhito 0000-0002-8696-8084 [33] Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni [34] [35] Klosterhalfen, Anne 0000-0001-7999-8966 [11] Knox, Sara [36] [37] Kobayashi, Hideki [38] Kohonen, Kukka-Maaria 0000-0001-9258-1225 [4] Korkiakoski, Mika 0000-0001-6875-9978 [39] Mammarella, Ivan 0000-0002-8516-3356 [40] Mana, Gharun [41] Marzuoli, Riccardo 0000-0001-5946-9530 [29] Matamala, Roser M 0000-0001-5552-9807 [42] [43] [44] Metzger, Stefan [25] [45] [46] Montagnani, Leonardo 0000-0003-2957-9071 [47] Nicolini, Giacomo [10] O'Halloran, Thomas Liam 0000-0003-0179-4159 [48] Ourcival, Jean-Marc 0000-0002-3557-3496 [49] Peichl, Matthias 0000-0002-9940-5846 [50] Pendall, Elise G 0000-0002-1651-8969 [51] Reverter, Borja Ruiz [52] Roland, Marilyn [17] Sabbatini, Simone 0000-0002-2950-8911 [10] [53] Sachs, Torsten 0000-0002-9959-4771 [54] Schmidt, Marius [55] Schwalm, Christopher R 0000-0002-5035-5681 [56] Shekhar, Ankit [4] Silberstein, Richard P 0000-0002-9704-782X [57] Silveira, Maria Lucia [20] Spano, Donatella 0000-0002-5661-0241 [10] [58] Tagesson, Torbern 0000-0003-3011-1775 [35] [59] Tramontana, Gianluca [60] Trotta, Carlo [10] Turco, Fabio [4] Vesala, Timo 0000-0002-4852-7464 [40] Vincke, Caroline [61] Vitale, Domenico 0000-0003-1672-0072 [62] Vivoni, Enrique R 0000-0002-2659-9459 [63] Wang, Yanbing 0000-0001-7197-4759 [4] Woodgate, William 0000-0002-5298-4828 [64] [65] Yepez, Enrico A 0000-0003-4746-573X [66] Zhang, Junhui [67] [68] Zona, Donatella 0000-0002-0003-4839 [69] Jung, Martin [2]

Affiliations

  1. [1] These authors contributed equally to this work.
    2. [NORA names: Miscellaneous];
  2. [2] Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
    3. [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
  3. [3] Indiana University Bloomington
    4. [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
  4. [4] ETH Zurich
    5. [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
  5. [5] Joint Research Centre
    6. [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];

Abstract

Mapping in-situ eddy covariance measurements of terrestrial land-atmosphere fluxes to the globe is a key method for diagnosing the Earth system from a data-driven perspective. We describe the first global products (called X-BASE) from a newly implemented up-scaling framework, FLUXCOM-X. The X-BASE products comprise of estimates of CO2 net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP) as well as evapotranspiration (ET) and, for the first time, a novel fully data-driven global transpiration product (ETT), at high spatial (0.05°) and temporal (hourly) resolution. X-BASE estimates the global NEE at -5.75 ± 0.33 Pg C ⋅ yr-1 for the period 2001–2020, showing a much higher consistency with independent atmospheric carbon cycle constraints compared to the previous versions of FLUXCOM. The improvement of global NEE was likely only possible thanks to the international effort to increase the precision and consistency of eddy covariance collection and processing pipelines, as well as to the extension of the measurements to more site-years resulting in a wider coverage of bio-climatic conditions. However, X-BASE global net ecosystem exchange shows a very low inter-annual variability, which is common to state-of-the-art data-driven flux products and remains a scientific challenge. With 125 ± 2.1 Pg C ⋅ yr-1 for the same period, X-BASE GPP is slightly higher than previous FLUXCOM estimates, mostly in temperate and boreal areas. X-BASE evapotranspiration amounts to 74.7x10³ ± 0.9x10³ km3 globally for the years 2001–2020, but exceeds precipitation in many dry areas likely indicating overestimation in these regions. On average 57 % of evapotranspiration are estimated to be transpiration, in good agreement with isotope-based approaches, but higher than estimates from many land surface models. Despite considerable improvements to the previous up-scaling products, many further opportunities for development exist. Pathways of exploration include methodological choices in the selection and processing of eddy-covariance and satellite observations, their ingestion into the framework, and the configuration of machine learning methods. For this, the new FLUXCOM-X framework was specifically designed to have the necessary flexibility to experiment, diagnose, and converge to more accurate global flux estimates.

Keywords

CO2 net ecosystem exchange, ETT, Earth, Earth system, FLUXCOM, Pg C yr–1, approach, area, bio-climatic conditions, boreal, boreal areas, carbon, challenges, choice, collection, conditions, configuration, consistency, constraints, coverage, cycle constraints, data-driven perspective, development, development exist, dry areas, ecosystem exchange, eddy-covariance, efforts, estimation, evapotranspiration, exchange, existence, experiments, exploration, extension, flexibility, flux, flux estimates, flux products, framework, global flux estimates, global net ecosystem exchange, global production, globe, gross primary production, improvement, ingestion, inter-annual variability, international efforts, isotope-based approaches, land, land surface models, land–atmosphere fluxes, learning methods, machine learning methods, maps, measurements, method, methodological choices, model, net ecosystem exchange, observations, opportunities, overestimation, pathway, pathways of exploration, period, perspective, pipeline, precipitation, precision, primary production, process, processing pipeline, production, region, resolution, satellite, satellite observations, scaling framework, scientific challenges, selection, site-years, surface model, system, temperate, terrestrial carbon, transpiration, transpiration productivity, variables, version, water, years, yr-1

Funders

  • European Research Council
  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
  • Academy of Finland
  • Ministry of Education Youth and Sports
  • Directorate for Geosciences
  • Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
  • Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
  • Swiss National Science Foundation
  • ETH Zurich
  • Directorate for Biological Sciences
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Swedish Research Council
  • Australian Research Council
  • Swedish National Space Board
  • European Commission

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