open access publication

Article, 2024

Antibacterial applications of biologically synthesized Pichia pastoris silver nanoparticles

Heliyon, ISSN 1879-4378, 2405-7843, 2405-8440, Volume 10, 4, Page e25664, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25664

Contributors

More, Pragati Rajendra 0000-0001-9053-1216 [1] [2] [3] Shinde, Surbhi A 0000-0003-2363-5554 [1] Cao, Zhejiang [2] Zhang, Jian 0000-0002-6358-7158 [2] Pandit, Santosh 0000-0002-8357-758X [2] De Filippis, Anna 0000-0002-0395-7962 [1] Mijakovic, Ivan 0000-0002-8860-6853 (Corresponding author) [1] [2] [3] Galdiero, Massimiliano 0000-0002-1576-6290 (Corresponding author) [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
    2. [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
  2. [2] Chalmers University of Technology
    3. [NORA names: Sweden; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  3. [3] Technical University of Denmark
    4. [NORA names: DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

Objectives: This article highlights the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with their characteristic analysis, and it focuses on the application of synthesized NPs against multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria. A cytotoxicity study was performed to assess the biocompatibility. Methods: Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) formation was confirmed by different characterization methods such as UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Dynamic light scattering (DLS)- Zeta, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was checked against various bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) by disc diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration test (MIC), and kinetic studies. The cytotoxicity of NPs against the Vero cell line was studied by cytotoxic assay. Results: The primary analysis of the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) was made by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis at 400 nm. At the same time, the efficient capping checked by FTIR shows the presence of a functional group at different wavelengths 3284, 1641,1573,1388,1288, and 1068 cm-1. At the same time, the transmission electron microscopic analysis (TEM) and DLS show that the shape and size of the synthesized NPs possess an average size of around ∼10-30 nm with spherical morphology. Further, the zeta potential confirmed the stability of the NPs. While the yield of NPs formation from silver salt was determined by an online yield calculator with the EDX analysis results. Synthesized NPs showed bactericidal effects against all the selected MDR pathogens with nontoxic effects against mammalian cells. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the remarkable antimicrobial activity of the biologically synthesized AgNPs, which can be an antimicrobial agent against multi-drug-resistant bacteria.

Keywords

AgNPs, DLS, E. coli, E. faecalis, EDX, EDX analysis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Fourier, Fourier transform infrared, Klebsiella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, NPs formation, S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis, UV–vis, Vero, Vero cell line, activity, agents, analysis, antibacterial applications, antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial agents, applications, assay, average size, bacteria, bacterial strains, bactericidal effect, biocompatibility, biological synthesis, biologically synthesized AgNPs, biology, calculations, cap, cell lines, cells, characteristic analysis, characterization, characterization methods, concentration test, cytotoxicity, cytotoxicity assay, cytotoxicity of nanoparticles, cytotoxicity studies, diffusion, disk, disk diffusion, dynamic light scattering, effect, efficient capping, electron microscope, electron microscopic analysis, findings, formation, formation of nanoparticles, functional groups, group, infrared, kinetic studies, light scattering, lines, mammalian cells, method, microscope, microscopic analysis, minimum inhibition concentration tests, morphology, multi-drug resistant bacteria, multidrug resistance, multidrug-resistant pathogens, nanoparticles, nontoxic effect, pathogens, pneumonia, potential, presence, primary analysis, resistance, salt, scattering, shape, silver nanoparticles, silver salts, size, spectrophotometer, spectrophotometric analysis, spherical morphology, stability, strain, study, synthesis, synthesized NPs, test, transform infrared, transmission, transmission electron microscope, transmission electron microscopic analysis, wavelength, yield, yield calculations, zeta, zeta potential

Funders

  • Swedish Research Council
  • Novo Nordisk Foundation

Data Provider: Digital Science

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