Article, 2023

Effectiveness of various methods of educating children and adolescents for the maintenance of oral health: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, ISSN 1365-263X, 0960-7439, Volume 34, 3, Pages 229-245, 10.1111/ipd.13125

Contributors

Atif, Mohammad 0000-0003-0286-9554 [1] Tewari, Nitesh 0000-0002-6747-5110 (Corresponding author) [1] Saji, Seba [1] Srivastav, Sukeshana 0000-0002-3841-6146 [1] [2] Rahul, Morankar [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] All India Institute of Medical Sciences
    2. [NORA names: India; Asia, South];
  2. [2] Aarhus University
    3. [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

BACKGROUND: School-based oral health education has emerged as one of the most effective methods to instill a positive attitude toward oral health in children. AIM: This systematic review (SR) aimed to assess the effectiveness of different methods of oral health education in children and adolescents. DESIGN: Systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS, Scopus, and EMBASE on January 29, 2023. Review included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and their risk of bias (ROB) was assessed by Cochrane RoB-2. Data were extracted and analyzed by expert group. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. Every step was conducted in duplicate, and disagreements were resolved by consulting the third reviewer. RESULTS: The SR included 10 RCTs with majority showing a high ROB. They included 12 methods with the commonest being the use of leaflets/flash cards. Most interventions were effective in improving oral hygiene, gingival health, and knowledge except conventional teaching methods, lecture by using PowerPoint by dentists, and e-learning interventions. The grade of evidence in the majority of outcomes was found to be low or very low. CONCLUSION: Interventions using the interactive methods such as games, motivational-experiential learning, and audiovisual methods were found to be more effective than controls and other interventions. Variabilities in study methods and outcome variables must be addressed in the future.

Keywords

Cochrane, Cochrane RoB 2, Embase, GRADE approach, LILACS, PowerPoint, PubMed, RoB 2, Scopus, Web, Web of Science, adolescents, approach, attitudes, audiovisual methods, bias, card, children, control, controlled trials, conventional teaching methods, data, dentists, disagreement, duplication, e-learning, e-learning intervention, education, effect, effective method, evidence, expert group, future, game, gingival health, grade, grading of evidence, group, health, health education, hygiene, improving oral hygiene, interaction method, intervention, knowledge, learning, lecture, maintenance, maintenance of oral health, method, method of educating children, methods of oral health education, oral health, oral health education, oral hygiene, outcome variables, outcomes, positive attitudes, quality, quality of evidence, randomized controlled trials, review, review of randomized controlled trials, risk, risk of bias, school-based oral health education, science, search, study, study method, systematic review, systematic review of randomized controlled trials, systematic search, teaching methods, trials, variables

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