open access publication

Article, 2023

Enhancing high-temperature suitability of Ni-electroplated AISI 441 steel by soft-chromising

Surface and Coatings Technology, ISSN 1879-3347, 0257-8972, Volume 472, Page 129917, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129917

Contributors

Cavichiolo, Louis Sadowski (Corresponding author) [1] [2] Nørby, Tobias Holt [1] Hald, John 0000-0002-1487-0897 [2] Pantleon, Karen 0000-0001-9317-324X [2]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Topsoe A/S, Power-to-X – Technology Development, Nymøllevej 66, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
    2. [NORA names: Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  2. [2] Technical University of Denmark
    3. [NORA names: DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

Commodity ferritic steel AISI 441, electroplated with nickel, can improve large-scale interconnect manufacturing for solid oxide cell stacks, but nickel-diffusion-induced chromium depletion in the steel surface adversely affects the oxidation behaviour. The present study explores soft-chromising to limit oxidation in Ni-coated AISI 441 during a simulated stack sealing exposure. Complementary in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ electron microscopy revealed that soft-chromising favours the formation of protective external Cr(Mn)-rich oxide and lowers detrimental internal oxidation. Soft-chromising seems promising for the development of new low-cost commodity steels that allow nickel in protective coatings, thereby facilitating an interconnect design appropriate for large-scale production.

Keywords

AISI, X-ray diffraction, behavior, cell stack, chromium depletion, coating, commodity, depletion, design, development, diffraction, electron microscopy, ex situ electron microscopy, exposure, ferritic steel AISI, formation, internal oxidation, large-scale production, manufacturing, microscopy, nickel, oxidation, oxidation behavior, production, solid oxide cell stacks, stack, steel, steel AISI, steel surface, study, surface

Funders

  • Innovation Fund Denmark

Data Provider: Digital Science

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