Article, 2023
The CryoGrid community model (version 1.0) – a multi-physics toolbox for climate-driven simulations in the terrestrial cryosphere
Geoscientific Model Development,
ISSN
1991-9603,
1991-959X,
Volume 16,
9,
Pages 2607-2647,
10.5194/gmd-16-2607-2023
Contributors
Westermann, Sebastian
0000-0003-0514-4321
(Corresponding author)
[1]
Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas
0000-0002-0776-4869
[2]
Scheer, Johanna
0000-0001-7595-507X
[2]
Aalstad, Kristoffer
0000-0002-2475-3731
[1]
Aga, Juditha Undine
0000-0002-9201-4308
[1]
Chaudhary, Nitin
0000-0001-7001-3155
[1]
[3]
Etzelmüller, Bernd
0000-0001-5156-3653
[1]
Filhol, Simon
0000-0003-1282-7307
[1]
Kääb, Andreas Max
0000-0002-6017-6564
[1]
Renette, Cas
0000-0001-7775-1898
[1]
Schmidt, Louise Steffensen
[1]
Schuler, Thomas Vikhamar
0000-0003-0972-3929
[1]
Zweigel, Robin Benjamin
[1]
Martin, Léo C P
0000-0001-5405-0175
[4]
Morard, Sarah
[5]
Ben-Asher, Matan
[6]
Angelopoulos, Michael C
0000-0003-2574-5108
[7]
Boike, Julia
0000-0002-5875-2112
[7]
Groenke, Brian
0000-0003-2570-9342
[7]
[8]
Miesner, Frederieke
0000-0002-2849-0406
[7]
Nitzbon, Jan
0000-0001-7205-6298
[7]
Overduin, Paul
0000-0001-9849-4712
[7]
Stuenzi, Simone Maria
0000-0002-6071-289X
[7]
Langer, Moritz
0000-0002-2704-3655
[7]
[9]
Affiliations
- [1]
University of Oslo
[NORA names:
Norway; Europe, Non-EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [2]
Technical University of Denmark
[NORA names:
DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [3]
Lund University
[NORA names:
Sweden; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [4]
Utrecht University
[NORA names:
Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [5]
University of Fribourg
[NORA names:
Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
(... more)
- [6]
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
[NORA names:
France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [7]
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
[NORA names:
Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [8]
Technical University of Berlin
[NORA names:
Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [9]
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
[NORA names:
Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD]
(less)
Abstract
Abstract. The CryoGrid community model is a flexible toolbox for simulating the ground thermal regime and the ice–water balance for permafrost and glaciers, extending a well-established suite of permafrost models (CryoGrid 1, 2, and 3). The CryoGrid community model can accommodate a wide variety of application scenarios, which is achieved by fully modular structures through object-oriented programming. Different model components, characterized by their process representations and parameterizations, are realized as classes (i.e., objects) in CryoGrid. Standardized communication protocols between these classes ensure that they can be stacked vertically. For example, the CryoGrid community model features several classes with different complexity for the seasonal snow cover, which can be flexibly combined with a range of classes representing subsurface materials, each with their own set of process representations (e.g., soil with and without water balance, glacier ice). We present the CryoGrid architecture as well as the model physics and defining equations for the different model classes, focusing on one-dimensional model configurations which can also interact with external heat and water reservoirs. We illustrate the wide variety of simulation capabilities for a site on Svalbard, with point-scale permafrost simulations using, e.g., different soil freezing characteristics, drainage regimes, and snow representations, as well as simulations for glacier mass balance and a shallow water body. The CryoGrid community model is not intended as a static model framework but aims to provide developers with a flexible platform for efficient model development. In this study, we document both basic and advanced model functionalities to provide a baseline for the future development of novel cryosphere models.
Keywords
CryoGrid,
Svalbard,
advanced modeling functionality,
application scenarios,
applications,
architecture,
balance,
baseline,
body,
capability,
characteristics,
class,
communication protocols,
community model,
complex,
components,
configuration,
cover,
cryosphere,
cryosphere models,
development,
drainage,
drainage regime,
efficient model development,
equations,
flexible platform,
flexible toolbox,
framework,
freezing characteristics,
function,
glacier,
glacier mass balance,
ground,
ground thermal regime,
heat,
mass balance,
materials,
model,
model class,
model components,
model configurations,
model development,
model function,
model physics,
modeling framework,
modular structure,
multi-physics,
object-oriented programming,
parameterization,
permafrost,
permafrost model,
physics,
platform,
process,
process representation,
program,
protocol,
regime,
representation,
reservoir,
scenarios,
seasonal snow cover,
several classes,
shallow water bodies,
simulation,
simulation capabilities,
sites,
snow,
snow cover,
snow representation,
soil,
soil freezing characteristics,
standard communication protocols,
static modeling framework,
structure,
study,
subsurface,
subsurface materials,
terrestrial cryosphere,
thermal regime,
toolbox,
version,
water,
water bodies,
water reservoirs
Funders
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