open access publication

Article, 2023

Effects of feeding a thermomechanical, enzyme-facilitated, coprocessed yeast and soybean meal on growth performance, organ weights, leg health, and gut development of broiler chickens

Poultry Science, ISSN 1525-3171, 0032-5791, Volume 102, 5, Page 102578, 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102578

Contributors

Colombino, Elena 0000-0002-6371-2000 [1] Karimi, Mark [2] Nu, Mai Anh Ton 0000-0002-2473-2041 [2] Tilatti, Andrea Aurora [1] Oddon, Sara Bellezza 0000-0001-8942-0682 [1] Calini, Franco [3] Bergamino, Cinzia 0000-0002-6218-6053 [1] Fiorilla, Edoardo 0000-0002-0173-1118 [1] Gariglio, Marta 0000-0001-5224-8604 [1] Gai, Francesco 0000-0003-1037-9483 [4] Capucchio, Maria Teresa 0000-0002-1068-0551 (Corresponding author) [1] [4] Schiavone, Achille 0000-0002-8011-6999 [1] Gasco, Laura 0000-0002-1829-7936 [1] Biasato, Ilaria 0000-0002-8855-4248 [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] University of Turin
    2. [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
  2. [2] AB Neo a/s, Videbaek, Denmark
    3. [NORA names: Other Companies; Private Research; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  3. [3] Tecnas, Lugo, Italy
    4. [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
  4. [4] National Research Council
    5. [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD]

Abstract

The development of a healthy gut during prestarter and starter phases is crucial to drive chicken's productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a thermomechanical, enzyme-facilitated, coprocessed yeast and soybean meal (pYSM) on growth performance, organ weights, leg health, and gut development in broiler chickens. A total of 576 as-hatched broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (8 replicates/treatment, 24 chickens/replicate): a control group (C) without the pYSM, a treatment group 1 (T1), in which the pSYM was included at 20, 10, 5, 0, and 0% levels in the prestarter, starter, grower, finisher I, and finisher II feeding phases, respectively, and a treatment group 2 (T2), in which the pSYM was included at 5, 5, 5, 0, and 0% levels in each feeding phase. On d 3 and 10, 16 broilers/treatment were euthanized. The T1 broilers tended to show higher live weight (d 3 and 7) and average daily gain (prestarter and starter phases) than the other groups (P ≤ 0.10). Differently, pYSM-based diets did not influence the growth performance of the other feeding phases and the whole experimental period (P > 0.05). Relative weights of pancreas and liver were also unaffected by pYSM utilization (P > 0.05). Litter quality tended to have higher average scores in C group (P = 0.079), but no differences were observed for leg health (P > 0.05). Histomorphometry of gut, liver, and bursa of Fabricius was not affected by diet (P > 0.05). Gut immunity was driven to an anti-inflammatory pattern, with the reduction of IL-2, INF-γ, and TNF-α in the duodenum of treated birds (d 3, P < 0.05). Also, MUC-2 was greater in the duodenum of C and T2 group when compared to T1 (d 3, P = 0.016). Finally, T1-fed chickens displayed greater aminopeptidase activity in the duodenum (d 3 and 10, P < 0.05) and jejunum (d 3, P < 0.05). Feeding high levels of pYSM (10-20%) to broilers in the first 10 d tended to improve growth performance in the prestarter and starter phases. It also positively downregulated proinflammatory cytokines during the first 3 d, as well as stimulated the aminopeptidase activity in the prestarter and starter periods.

Keywords

C group, Fabricius, IL-2, INF-g, MUC-2, T1, T2, T2 group, TNF-a, activity, aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase activity, anti-inflammatory pattern, average daily gain, average score, birds, broiler chickens, broiler chicks, broilers, bursa, bursa of Fabricius, chicken, chicken products, chicks, compared to T1, control group, cytokines, daily gain, development, development of broiler chickens, diet, dietary treatments, downregulating proinflammatory cytokines, duodenum, effect, feed phase, feeding, feeding high levels, finish, finishing I, gain, group, group 1, group 2, growers, growth, growth performance, gut, gut development, gut immunity, health, healthy gut, higher levels, histomorphometry, immunity, improve growth performance, jejunum, leg, leg health, levels, litter, litter quality, live weight, liver, meal, organ weights, organization, pSym, pancreas, patterns, performance, period, phase, prestarter, production, proinflammatory cytokines, quality, reduction, reduction of IL-2, relative weight, relative weight of pancreas, scores, soybean, soybean meal, starter, starter period, starter phase, study, treatment, treatment group 1, treatment group 2, utilization, weight, weight of pancreas, yeast

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