open access publication

Article, 2023

Dietary soy galactooligosaccharides affect the performance, intestinal function, and gut microbiota composition of growing chicks

Poultry Science, ISSN 1525-3171, 0032-5791, Volume 102, 4, Page 102440, 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102440

Contributors

Teague, Kyle Dean 0000-0001-5454-7405 [1] Tellez-Isaias, Guillermo 0000-0002-2416-2747 [1] Chai, Jian-Min 0000-0001-9341-9932 [1] [2] Petrone-Garcia, Víctor Manuel 0000-0001-6109-6366 [3] Vuong, Christine N 0000-0001-8663-6816 [1] Blanch, A. [4] Rasmussen, S H 0000-0002-8546-3543 [4] Brown, K. [4] Zhao, Jiangchao 0000-0002-2894-8560 [1] Rochell, Samuel J (Corresponding author) [1] [5]

Affiliations

  1. [1] University of Arkansas at Fayetteville
    2. [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
  2. [2] Foshan University
    3. [NORA names: China; Asia, East];
  3. [3] National Autonomous University of Mexico
    4. [NORA names: Mexico; America, Central; OECD];
  4. [4] Hamlet Protein A/S, DK-8700 Horsens, Denmark
    5. [NORA names: Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  5. [5] Auburn University
    6. [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD]

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the dietary soy galactooligosaccharides (GOS), raffinose and stachyose, on performance, gastrointestinal health, and systemic stress in young broilers. Birds were fed a GOS-devoid diet based on soy protein isolate (SPI) or the SPI diet with 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, or 3.6% added stachyose and raffinose in a ratio of 4:1 at the expense of corn starch. These 5 treatments were administered to 10 replicate cages of 8 birds. Performance was measured weekly and excreta moisture, N retention, apparent metabolizeable energy, and complete blood cell counts were determined at 14 and 21 d. At 21 d, 2 birds per cage were orally gavaged with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) and serum samples were analyzed for FITC-d as a marker of gut leakage. Additionally, intestinal morphology, crop presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, crop and cecal pH, and cecal microbiota via16S rRNA microbial sequencing were evaluated at 21 d. From 0 to 21 d, feed intake increased linearly (P < 0.01) as dietary GOS increased, whereas BWG increased (P < 0.05) quadratically. Feed conversion ratio increased (P < 0.01) linearly as GOS increased. There were linear increases (P < 0.05) in excreta moisture as dietary GOS increased at 14 and 21 d, as well as dose-dependent responses (P < 0.05) in N retention, AME, and AMEn. There was a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in crop LAB recovery and a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in ceca pH as GOS increased. At 14 d, a linear increase (P < 0.05) in blood heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was observed as dietary GOS increased. Serum concentrations of FITC-d increased quadratically (P < 0.01) to dietary GOS. Increasing levels of GOS influenced alpha and beta diversities and composition of gut microbiota, including the abundance of Ruminococcus and Bifidobacterium. Results from this trial indicate that soy-derived GOS exert dose-dependent effects on nutrient utilization and intestinal health in young broilers.

Keywords

Ames, BWG, Bifidobacterium, N retention, Ruminococcus, abundance, abundance of Ruminococcus, acid bacteria, alpha, apparent metabolizable energy, bacteria, beta, beta diversity, birds, birds per cage, blood, blood cell count, blood heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, broilers, cage, ceca, cecal pH, cell count, chicks, complete blood cell count, composition, composition of gut microbiota, conversion ratio, corn starch, count, crop, decrease, diet, dietary galactooligosaccharide, diversity, dose-dependent effect, dose-dependent response, effect, energy, excreta, excreta moisture, expense, expense of corn starch, experiments, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, feeding, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, function, galactooligosaccharides, gastrointestinal health, gut, gut leakage, gut microbiota, gut microbiota composition, health, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, increase, increased levels, intake, intestinal function, intestinal health, intestinal morphology, isolates, lactic acid bacteria, leakage, linear decrease, lymphocyte ratio, markers, markers of gut leakage, metabolizable energy, microbial sequences, microbiota, moisture, morphology, nutrient utilization, objective, performance, presumptive lactic acid bacteria, protein isolate, quadratic increase, raffinose, ratio, recovery, replicate cages, replication, response, results, samples, sequence, serum, serum concentrations, serum samples, soy, soy protein isolate, soy protein isolate diet, stachyose, starch, stress, systemic stress, treatment, trials, utilization, young broilers

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