open access publication

Article, 2023

Study of the ionic strength effect on the migration of polyamide 6 and 66 oligomers into liquid simulants by a LC-qTOF-MS method

Food Packaging and Shelf Life, ISSN 2214-2894, Volume 35, Page 101015, 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.101015

Contributors

Tsochatzis, Emmanouil D 0000-0002-1237-4419 (Corresponding author) [1] Lopes, Joao Alberto [2] Kappenstein, Oliver [3]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Aarhus University
    2. [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  2. [2] European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency (EISMEA), Brussels, Belgium
    3. [NORA names: Belgium; Europe, EU; OECD];
  3. [3] Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
    4. [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD]

Abstract

Polyamides (PAs) are types of polymers used as food contact materials (FCMs) and articles such as kitchen utensils and packaging material. While caprolactam is an EU regulated substance and monomer of PA, this material’s oligomers are instead considered as non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) and are typically found in PA-based packaging. An analytical methodology was developed and validated for the quantification of both monomers and oligomers of PA in official liquid food simulant (simulant A;10% v/v ethanol), using a quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS). The method was applied in the evaluation of the effect of the ionic strength on the migration of all the studied monomers and oligomers from a PA/polyethylene FCM multilayer film. The migration experiments results at different conditions (temperature, time) and with different concentration (% w/v) of NaCl, showed ranging values for the PA6 oligomers (trimer up to heptamer) and caprolactam. It was observed that in the presence of salt, the mass fractions of the migrated caprolactam, were above the limits specific in the respective EU regulation. Preliminary results seem to suggest that migration testing should consider not only the fatty content of a food, but also its salt content, as changes in the ionic strength may influence the migration of polar substances.

Keywords

EU, EU regulations, LC-QTOF-MS method, NIA, NaCl, PA6, analytical methodology, article, caprolactam, changes, concentration, conditions, contact materials, content, effect, evaluation, experiments, fatty content, films, food, food contact materials, food simulants, fraction, ionic strength, ionic strength effects, kitchen, kitchen utensils, limitations, liquid food simulants, liquid simulations, mass fraction, mass spectrometer, materials, method, methodology, migration, migration experience, migration test, monomer, multilayer films, oligomers, package, packaging materials, polar substances, polyamide, polyamide 6, polymer, preliminary results, presence, presence of salt, quantification, regulation, results, salt, salt content, simulation, spectrometer, strength, strength effect, study, substances, test, time-of-flight mass spectrometer, utensils, values

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