open access publication

Article, 2022

Gaseous carbonitriding of high carbon chromium bearing steel: Correlation between composition, microstructure and stability

Surface and Coatings Technology, ISSN 1879-3347, 0257-8972, Volume 438, Page 128408, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128408

Contributors

Wang, Baoan 0000-0001-7381-4687 (Corresponding author) [1] Liu, Bin [2] Gu, Jian-Feng 0000-0002-0762-6976 [2] Somers, Marcel A.J. [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Technical University of Denmark
    2. [NORA names: DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  2. [2] Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    3. [NORA names: China; Asia, East]

Abstract

Gaseous carbonitriding of AISI 52100 steel was investigated under various processing conditions. The process parameters studied involve ammonia content (2.5–7.5 vol%), carbon potential (0.8–1.2%), and temperature (780–880 °C). The carbon/nitrogen concentration-depth profiles that developed during carbonitriding were determined by light element analysis. The microstructural and residual stress evolution, and the thermal-mechanical/dimensional stability, associated with the dissolving of carbon and nitrogen, were studied by reflected light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, hardness indentation and dimensional analysis, respectively. The resulting carbon/nitrogen concentration depth-profiles and microstructure of the carbonitrided layer vary with the combination of parameters applied, associated with the carbonitriding thermodynamics. The content of retained austenite and the state and distribution of residual stresses in the carbonitrided specimen depend strongly on the total content (distribution) of carbon and nitrogen dissolved in the carbonitrided surface layer. Carbonitriding leads to exceptional tempering resistance over conventional treatment (austenitization and quenching), but results in inferior dimensional stability due to the higher content of retained austenite.

Keywords

AISI, X-ray, X-ray diffraction, ammonia, ammonia content, analysis, carbon, carbon chromium, carbon potential, carbon/nitrogen, carbonitride, carbonitrided layer, carbonitrided specimen, chromium, combination, combination of parameters, composition, concentration depth profiles, concentration-depth profiles, conditions, content, conventional treatment, correlation, depth profiles, diffraction, dimensional analysis, dimensional stability, dissolving, dissolving of carbon, distribution, distribution of residual stresses, elemental analysis, evolution, hardness, hardness indentation, high-carbon chromium, higher content, indentation, inferior dimensional stability, layer, light element analysis, light microscopy, microscopy, microstructure, nitrogen, parameters, potential, process, process parameters, processing conditions, profile, residual stress, residual stress evolution, resistance, results, specimens, stability, state, steel, stress, stress evolution, surface layer, temperate, temperature, tempering resistance, thermodynamics, treatment

Funders

  • National Natural Science Foundation of China
  • European Commission

Data Provider: Digital Science

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