open access publication

Article, 2022

Anisotropic yield surfaces of additively manufactured metals simulated with crystal plasticity

European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, ISSN 1873-7285, 0997-7538, Volume 94, Page 104506, 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2022.104506

Contributors

Somlo, Kinga 0000-0002-3459-0657 (Corresponding author) [1] Frodal, Bjørn Håkon 0000-0001-8619-2995 [2] Funch, Cecilie Vase 0000-0002-3114-5793 [1] Poulios, Konstantinos 0000-0002-2691-4252 [1] Winther, Grethe 0000-0002-4178-3449 [1] Hopperstad, Odd Sture 0000-0003-2504-0116 [2] Børvik, Tore 0000-0002-9559-3122 [2] Niordson, Christian Frithiof 0000-0001-6779-8924 [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Technical University of Denmark
    2. [NORA names: DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
  2. [2] Norwegian University of Science and Technology
    3. [NORA names: Norway; Europe, Non-EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

The mechanical anisotropy created by additive manufacturing (AM) is not yet fully understood and can depend on many factors, such as powder material, manufacturing technology and printing parameters. In this work, the anisotropic mechanical properties of as-built, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) austenitic stainless steel 316L and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V are investigated through crystal plasticity simulations. Periodic representative volume elements (RVEs) are used that are specific to each material. The RVE for austenitic stainless steel consists of FCC crystals with a crystallographic texture measured by X-ray diffraction. The α ′ martensite microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V is captured with a multi-scale RVE, including internal lamellar structures, using HCP crystals and a synthetically generated texture. For both materials, the crystal plasticity parameters are calibrated against tensile tests carried out on dog-bone specimens printed in different orientations. The RVEs, calibrated to experiments, are applied in virtual material testing and subjected to multiple load cases to generate the Hill-48 and Yld2004-18p yield surfaces of the materials.

Keywords

Hill-48, LPBF, Ti-6Al-4V, X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Yld2004, additive manufacturing, alloy Ti-6Al-4V, anisotropic mechanical properties, anisotropic yield surface, anisotropy, austenitic stainless steel 316L, cases, consistency, crystal, crystal plasticity, crystal plasticity parameters, crystal plasticity simulations, crystallographic texture, diffraction, dog-bone specimens, elements, experiments, factors, fcc, fcc crystals, hcp, hcp crystals, internal lamellar structure, lamellar structure, laser, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF, load cases, manufactured metals, manufacturing, manufacturing technology, martensitic microstructure, material testing, materials, mechanical anisotropy, mechanical properties of as-built, metal, microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V, multiple load cases, orientation, parameters, periodic representative volume elements, plasticity, plasticity parameters, plasticity simulations, powder, powder materials, printing, printing parameters, representative volume element, simulation, specimens, stainless steel 316L, stainless steel consists, steel 316L, steel consists, structure, surface, technology, tensile, tensile tests, test, texture, titanium, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, virtual materials testing, volume element, yield surface

Funders

  • The Research Council of Norway
  • Innovation Fund Denmark

Data Provider: Digital Science

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