open access publication

Article, 2021

Viability determination of Bacillus sphaericus after encapsulation in hydrogel for self-healing concrete via microcalorimetry and in situ oxygen concentration measurements

Cement and Concrete Composites, ISSN 0958-9465, 1873-393X, Volume 119, Page 104006, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104006

Contributors

Zhu, Xuejiao [1] Mignon, Arn 0000-0002-4339-8827 [1] [2] Nielsen, Søren Dollerup 0000-0002-6990-2200 [3] Zieger, Silvia Elisabeth 0000-0002-1952-6294 [3] Koren, Klaus 0000-0002-7537-3114 [3] Boon, Nico 0000-0002-7734-3103 [1] De Belie, Nele 0000-0002-0851-6242 (Corresponding author) [1]

Affiliations

  1. [1] Ghent University
    2. [NORA names: Belgium; Europe, EU; OECD];
  2. [2] KU Leuven
    3. [NORA names: Belgium; Europe, EU; OECD];
  3. [3] Aarhus University
    4. [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD]

Abstract

Techniques for bacteria based self-healing concrete are currently limited to indirect bacterial activity measurements and visual crack closing effects after self-healing has occurred. In the present study, direct and reliable bacteria survival measurements after encapsulation in protective carriers were carried out by utilizing microcalorimetry analysis. After further incorporation in mortar oxygen consumption was determined by use of an optical oxygen sensing system. The microscope analysis showed that a 90% sporulation of Bacillus sphaericus was achieved after 24 h incubation. Microcalorimeter measurements detected the heat generation from microbial activity on the third day of incubation which provides direct evidence that bacteria can be activated after encapsulation inside the hydrogel. The application of the O2 sensing film on cracked mortar showed a high oxygen concentration reduction (66%) near the crack opening. This confirmed the activation of B. sphaericus and use of oxygen as an electron acceptor for their metabolism after incorporation inside mortar specimens.

Keywords

acceptor, activity, activity measurements, analysis, applications, bacteria, carriers, closing effect, concentration measurements, concentration reduction, concrete, consumption, crack, crack closing effect, crack opening, cracked mortars, days, days of incubation, effect, electron, electron acceptor, encapsulation, evidence, films, generation, heat, heat generation, hydrogels, incorporation, incubation, measurements, metabolism, microbial activity, microcalorimeter, microcalorimeter measurements, microcalorimetry, microcalorimetry analysis, microscope, microscopic analysis, mortar, mortar specimens, opening, oxygen, oxygen concentration measurements, oxygen concentration reduction, oxygen consumption, oxygen-sensing system, protective carrier, reduction, self-healing, self-healing concrete, sensing film, sensing system, specimens, sporulation, study, survival measures, system, technique, viability, viability determination

Funders

  • European Cooperation in Science and Technology
  • China Scholarship Council
  • Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education
  • European Commission

Data Provider: Digital Science

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